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Biodiesel is a fuel that can be made from a variety of renewable resources that include vegetable oils, animal fat, and waste cooking oil. Soybean oil and rapeseed oil are the primary vegetable oil sources. The raw oils or animal fats are chemically processed (esterified) to form a fatty acid methyl ester (referred to as FAME). The esterified product (FAME) is biodiesel fuel that can be used in compression ignition engines. Without the chemical processing referred to as esterification, the oils or fats are not suitable for use as fuel in compression ignition engines. In order to use any of the oils or fats listed above as fuel, the oil or fat must be esterified and the water and contaminants removed.Fuel made of 100 percent FAME is generally referred to as B100 biodiesel or neat biodiesel.Biodiesel can be blended with distillate diesel fuel. The blends can be used as fuel. The most commonly available biodiesel blends are B5, which is 5 percent biodiesel and 95 percent distillate diesel fuel, and B20, which is 20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent distillate diesel fuel. Note that the percentages are volume based.U.S. distillate diesel fuel specification "ASTM D975-09a" includes up to B5 (5 percent) biodiesel. Currently, any diesel fuel in the U.S. may contain up to B5 biodiesel fuel.European distillate diesel fuel specification "EN 590" includes up to B5 (5 percent) and in some regions up to B7 (7 percent) biodiesel. Any diesel fuel in Europe may contain up to B5 or in some regions up to B7 biodiesel fuel.Engines that are manufactured by Caterpillar are certified by use of the prescribed U.S. EPA and European Certification fuels. Caterpillar does not certify diesel engines to meet emissions standards on any other fuel.Note: The user of the engine has the responsibility of using the correct fuel that is recommended by the manufacturer and allowed by the U.S. EPA and other appropriate regulatory agencies.Caterpillar is not in a position to evaluate the many variations of biodiesel and the long term effects on performance, durability, or compliance to emissions standards for Caterpillar products.Note: In order to align Caterpillar recommendations with the latest revision of "ASTM D7467" specification for B6-B20 blends and to ensure that biodiesel fuel meets defined quality standards, Caterpillar recommendations for acceptable biodiesel blend for most engines have been changed to B20. Details on the use of higher blends are given in this "Biodiesel" section of this Special Publication.
In North America, the use of biodiesel from "BQ-9000" accredited producers and "BQ-9000" certified marketers is required. Refer to the "Recommendations" section for details.
Failures that result from the use of any fuel are not Caterpillar factory defects. Therefore, the cost of repair would NOT be covered by the Caterpillar warranty for materials and/or the warranty for workmanship.
The footnotes are a key part of the "Caterpillar Specification for Biodiesel Fuel" Table. Read ALL footnotes.
Table 1
Recommendations for biodiesel fuel application in On-Highway Cat engines    
Production year     Engine model     Biodiesel acceptable blend levels (1)    
2007 and newer     C13 and C15 EPA certified and/or C15 Euro IV certified     Up to B20 (2)    
C7 and C9 EPA certified Up to B5 (2) (3)    
2006 and older     All models     Up to B20 (4)    
( 1 ) Refer to Tables 2 and 4 and to the details provided in this section for biodiesel fuel requirements.
( 2 ) For applications in the U.S, the diesel fuel portion of the final blend must meet the requirements of S15 fuels (≤15 ppm sulfur) designations in the latest edition of "ASTM D975" specification. For applications in EU, the diesel fuel portion of the final blend must meet the requirements for sulfur free (≤10 ppm sulfur) designation in the latest edition of "EN590". The final blend must have ≤15 ppm sulfur.
( 3 ) The acceptable biodiesel blend level can be increased up to B10 1 for C7 and C9 EPA 2007 model year certified engines and newer if Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner (part number 343-6210) is used at every oil drain interval for at least one fuel tank (follow the recommendations provided in the Cat "Fuel Additives" section in this Special Publication) and the Cat Nozzle Cleaner (part number 304-7755) is used as needed to clean the ARD nozzle.
( 4 ) For 2006 and older engine models, for use of blends of biodiesel above B20 (20 percent), refer to Table 3 in this Special Publication for the guidelines and impacts of using high biodiesel blends and consult your Caterpillar dealer for guidance. A complete Caterpillar S O S Services oil analysis program is required when biodiesel or blends of biodiesel that is B20 (20 percent) or above is used.
Table 2
Fuel Recommendations for On-Highway Caterpillar engines    
Biodiesel Blend Stock     Final Blend     Distillate Diesel Fuel used for blending    
Caterpillar biodiesel specification, (1) "ASTM D6751" or "EN14214"     B5: Caterpillar distillate diesel fuel specification, (2) "ASTM D975" or "EN590"     Caterpillar distillate diesel fuel specification, "ASTM D975" or "EN590"    
B20: "ASTM D7467" and "API" gravity 30-45
( 1 ) Refer to Table 4 in the Biodiesel section of this Special Publication.
( 2 ) Refer to "Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel for On-Highway Engines" in the Fuel section of this Special Publication.In order to be acceptable for blending, the biodiesel constituent must meet the requirements that are listed in "Caterpillar Specification for Biodiesel Fuel" in this Special Publication, the latest edition of "ASTM D6751", and/or the latest edition of "EN14214".Distillate diesel fuels that meet the requirements of "Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel for On-Highway Eng