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Cat Diesel Engine Oils
Cat fluids have been developed and tested by Caterpillar to provide the full performance and service life that has been designed and built into Cat engines. The quality of finished oil is dependent on the quality of the base stock, the quality of the additives, and the compatibility of the base stock and additives. Cat fluids are formulated of high-quality refined oil base stocks and additives of optimal chemistry and quantity in order to provide high performance in engines and machine components. Cat fluids are used for factory fill of Cat engines and components and are offered by Cat dealers for service fills and as aftermarket products. Consult your Cat dealer for more information on these Cat fluids.Cat recommends the use of the lubricants given in Tables 1 and 7 in diesel engines covered by this Special Publication.This information applies to Cat machine engines. For more lubricant recommendations refer to other SEBU publications listed earlier in this Chapter.Note: The optimal application of the lubricants is dependent on the oil quality and the maintenance practices. Such practices include contamination control, oil tank management and general handling practices.Cat Diesel Engine Oils Recommendations
Cat DEO-ULS and Cat DEO multigrade oils are the preferred and recommended oils for use in ALL Cat diesel engines that are covered by this Special Publication. Commercial alternative diesel engine oils are, as a group, second choice oils. Refer to Table 4 below for information.
Table 1
Cat Engine Lubricants Recommendations
Tier 4 certified Nonroad Engines Required: Cat DEO-ULS (API CK-4)
Commercial, second-class oils: API CK-4; Cat ECF-3/API CJ-4
Non-Tier4 Certified Nonroad Engines Recommended: Cat DEO-ULS (API CK-4); Cat DEO (API CI-4/API CI-4 PLUS)
Commercial, second-class oils: API CK-4; Cat ECF-3/API CJ-4,
Cat CF-2; Cat ECF-1-a Note: Cat DEO-ULS (API CK-4) oil is backwards compatible and can be used in all engines with some restrictions related to fuel sulfur level, refer to Table 4 for more details. Cat DEO (API CI-4/API CI-4 PLUS) can be used in engines that are Tier 3 emissions certified and prior, and in engines that do not use aftertreatment devices.Caterpillar has released a new Cat diesel engine oil, Cat DEO-ULS that is per the latest API CK-4 heavy duty engine oil category. The new Cat DEO-ULS replaces the prior Cat oil that was per API CJ-4 category, but it is of the same brand name. The new Cat has the following characteristics:
Improved oxidation stability (per ASTM D8048).
Improved air release (Per ASTM D8047).
Improved used oil shear stability per tighter specification limits.
Preserved the same level of phosphorous, 1000 ppm (parts per million) (mg/kg), to ensure achieving long hour engine durability goals
Same chemical limits as API CJ-4 oil category, designed for use in engines with aftertreatment devices.Note: The new API FA-4 Heavy Duty Engine Oil Category is NOT allowed in Cat engines. API FA-4 is a special low High Temperature High Shear (HTHS) viscosity oil that is designed for certain 2017 and later On-Highway engine models.Note: Each of the Cat ECF specifications provides increased performance over lower Cat ECF specifications. For example, Cat ECF-3 provides higher performance than Cat ECF-2 and Cat ECF-3 provides much higher performance than Cat ECF-1-a. Refer to Table 2 for details.The engine oils recommended/required for Tier 4 certified engines are formulated with limited ash and chemical limits:
1 percent sulfated ash maximum
0.12 percent phosphorous maximum
0.4 percent sulfur maximumThese chemical limits were developed to support the expected aftertreatment devices life, performance, and service intervals. Use of oils other than those listed in this section of this special publication in aftertreatment equipped engines can negatively impact performance of the aftertreatment devices, can contribute to Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) plugging and/or can cause the need for more frequent DPF ash service intervals.Cat DEO-ULS and Cat DEO are recommended for all non-Tier 4 engines that use Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) or Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuels. Cat DEO is recommended for engines using fuels of sulfur levels that exceed 0.2 percent (2000 ppm). Cat DEO-ULS may be used in these applications if an oil analysis program is followed. The oil change interval may be affected by the fuel sulfur level. Refer to Table 6 in this section of this Special Publication.Cat DEO-ULS is formulated with 1000 ppm (parts per million) (mg/kg) phosphorous level to ensure achieving long hour engine durability goals.Cat diesel engine oils, DEO-ULS and Cat DEO are rigorously tested with full-scale proprietary Cat engine tests to ensure optimal protection of Cat diesel engines. The tests include the following: sticking of the piston rings, piston deposits, oil control tests, wear tests and soot tests. Proprietary tests help ensure that Cat oils provide superior performance in Cat diesel engines.There are significant variations in the quality and performance of commercially available oils. For this reason, Cat recommends the Cat oils listed in Table 4 and the guidelines in Table 4.
Do not use single grade API CF oils or multigrade API CF oils in Cat Series 3500, Series C175and smaller Direct Injection (DI) diesel engines. Single grade API CF oils (or oils that meet all the performance requirements of API CF category) may only be used in Cat Series 3600 and Series C280 diesel engines, and older Cat engines that have precombustion chamber (PC) fuel systems. Oils that are used in Cat Series 3600 and Series C280 diesel engines must also pass a 7000 our field performance evaluation. Consult your Cat dealer for details
Cat diesel engine oils are formulated with the optimal amounts and chemistry of various additives including detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, alkalinity, antifoam, viscosity modifiers, and others. These oils have been proven in internal tests and in the field to provide superior performance in Cat diesel engines where recommended for use.Cat DEO-ULS and Cat DEO are multigrade oils. Refer to Table 1 in this article for details. Multigrade oils provide the correct viscosity for a broad range of operating temperatures. Multigrade oils provide the appropriate oil film thickness for moving engine components such as piston, ring and liners, bearings, valve train and others.Mixed fleets: Cat diesel engine