F722167 Force ELBOW, INTERMEDIATE

Electronic Controls
The 3176C 6 Cylinder Engines electronic system consists of the Electronic Control Module (ECM) and engine sensors. The ECM is the computer which controls the engine operating parameters. The Personality Module in the ECM contains the software which controls how the ECM behaves (the personality module stores the operating maps that define power, torque curves, rpm, etc). The injection pump, fuel lines and fuel injection nozzles used in mechanical engines have been replaced with an electronic unit injector in each cylinder. A solenoid on each injector controls the amount of fuel delivered by the injector. The Electronic Control Module (ECM) sends a signal to each injector solenoid to provide complete control of the engine. The ECM determines a "desired speed" based on the throttle signal, PTO switches (only while in PTO mode) and certain diagnostic codes. The ECM then maintains the desired engine speed by sensing actual engine speed and deciding how much fuel to inject in order to achieve the desired speed.Engine Governor
The Electronic Controls on the engine serve as the engine governor. The Electronic Controls determine when and how much fuel to deliver to the cylinders based on the actual and desired conditions at any given time.The governor uses the Throttle Position Sensor to determine the desired engine speed and compares this to the actual engine speed determined through the Engine Speed/Timing Sensor. If desired engine speed is greater than the actual engine speed, the governor injects more fuel to increase engine speed.Timing Considerations
Once the governor has determined how much fuel is required, it must next determine when to inject the fuel. Injection timing is determined by the ECM after considering input from the Coolant Temperature Sensor, Inlet Air Manifold Temperature Sensor, Atmospheric Pressure Sensor, and Turbocharger Outlet (Boost) Pressure Sensor. The ECM determines where top center on cylinder number one is located from the Engine Speed/Timing Sensor signal. The ECM decides when injection should occur relative to top center and provides the signal to the injector at the desired time. The ECM adjusts timing for best engine performance, fuel economy and white smoke control. Actual or Desired Timing cannot be viewed with an Electronic Service Tool.Fuel Injection
The ECM controls the amount of fuel injected by varying signals to the injectors. The injectors will pump fuel ONLY if the injector solenoid is energized. The ECM sends a high voltage signal to energize the solenoid. By controlling the timing and duration of the high voltage signal, the ECM can control injection timing and the amount of fuel injected.The Personality Module inside the ECM sets certain limits on the amount of fuel that can be injected. FRC Fuel Pos is a limit based on boost pressure to control the air/fuel ratio for emissions control. When the ECM senses a higher boost pressure (more air into cylinder), it increases the FRC Fuel Pos limit (allows more fuel into cylinder). Rated Fuel Pos is a limit based on the power rating of the engine and rpm. It is similar to the rack stops and torque spring on a mechanically governed engine. It provides power and torque curves for a specific engine family and rating. All of these limits are determined at the factory in the Personality Module and cannot be changed.
Figure 1.1 - Fuel InjectionCustomer Parameters Effect on Engine Governing
A unique feature with Electronic Engines is the Customer Specified Parameters. These parameters allow the engine owner to fine tune the ECM for engine operation to accommodate the typical or specific usage of the engine.Many of the Customer Parameters provide additional restrictions on the action the ECM will take in response to the operators' input. For example, the Top Engine Limit is an speed limit the ECM uses as a maximum speed for fuel delivery to the injectors. The ECM will not fuel the injectors above this speed.Some parameters are intended to notify the operator of potential engine damage such as the Engine Monitoring Parameters. Other parameters are provided to enhance the engine installation or provide engine operating information to the engine owner.ECM Engine Monitoring Parameters
The ECM Engine Monitoring Mode determines the level of action taken by the ECM in response to a potentially engine damaging condition. There are four customer selectable levels: - Default = Alternative = OFFAlternative = DERATEAlternative = SHUTDOWNECM Engine Monitoring Programmed OFF
The ECM will not indicate low oil pressure, high inlet air temperature, or low coolant level. Coolant Temperature will continue to be used for Cold Mode and cooling fan control. Inlet Manifold Air Temperature is used for low ambient temperature operation and for cooling fan control.ECM Engine Monitoring Programmed to
If Engine Monitoring is programmed to Warning, the ECM monitors oil pressure, coolant temperature, inlet manifold temperature, and coolant level (if sensor is installed and enabled). The following table indicates the diagnostic event codes (EID) available, and their effect on engine performance when active. The Diagnostic Lamp will flash and the Alarm Lamp will come ON as indicated in the table when the diagnostic code is active. ECM Engine Monitoring Programmed to DERATE or SHUTDOWN
If Engine Monitoring is programmed to Derate or Shutdown, the ECM will alter engine performance when operating parameters are exceeded. Whenever the engine is derated, the Diagnostic Lamp and Alarm Lamp will flash. For the DERATE column in the following table, POWER indicates engine power is limited [maximum derate is 119 kW (160 hp)]. RPM indicates engine rpm is limited (maximum derate is 1350 rpm). Refer to the corresponding Engine Component Overview section for operating conditions causing these event codes. ECM Engine Monitoring Time to SHUTDOWN
The following table indicates active diagnostic codes capable of shutting down the engine when the ECM is programmed to Shutdown. The Time To Shutdown column indicates the minimum time before the engine will shut down if the engine has already been running for at least 30 seconds. Start/Restart Time indicates running time if the diagnostic code is active when the engine starts, or following an Engine Monitoring caused shutdown. NO indicates the diagnostic code will