0313025 JOHNSON NOZZLE, High speed

Fill the fuel tanks at the end of convenient period of operation to drive out moist air and to prevent condensation. Do not fill the tank to the top. The fuel expands as it gets warm and may overflow.Do not fill fuel filters with fuel before installing them. Contaminated fuel will cause accelerated wear to fuel system parts.
After changing fuel filters, open fuel supply and return valves that were closed. The fuel system will remove air through the return.Drain water and sediment from any fuel storage tank weekly, and before the tank is refilled. This will help prevent water or sediment from being pumped from the storage tank into the engine fuel tank.Use only fuel as recommended in this section.Fuel Tanks
Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining water and sediment from the bottom of the tanks.Some fuel tanks use supply pipes that allow water and sediment to settle below the end of the fuel supply pipe. This water and sediment should be drained at each oil change. Do not use fuel tanks with supply lines that take fuel directly from the bottom of the tank.The fuel return line from the engine should return fuel to the tank from which it was taken. Do not return fuel to the day tank, as fuel overheating could occur which will cause deterioration of engine performance. The fuel return line should deposit fuel at a distance of about 250 mm (10 in) from the supply line. This allows the engine to get warm fuel from the tank. It also allows air to escape from the return fuel without being pulled back into the engine.Fuel Lines
Avoid sharp angles and use as few fittings and connections as possible. Moisture in the fuel will tend to collect and freeze at low points in the fuel lines. Fuel should be drawn from the tank closest to the engine. Fuel lines should travel the most direct route to the engine compartment.Fuel Heaters
Use of a fuel heater can help eliminate some cold weather problems. A fuel heater should be installed so that the fuel is heated before it goes into the first or primary fuel filter. Select a fuel heater that is mechanically simple, yet adequate for the application. The fuel heater should also prevent overheating of the fuel. Disconnect or deactivate the fuel heater in warm weather. A loss of engine power will occur if the fuel supply temperature exceeds 30°C (85°F). Heat exchanger-type fuel heaters should have a bypass provision to prevent overheating of the fuel in warm weather operation.For further information on fuel heaters, contact your Caterpillar dealer.Fuel Filters
The use of a primary fuel filter is recommended. The micron rating and location of a primary fuel filter is important in cold weather operation. The primary fuel filter and its fuel supply line are the most common components affected by cold fuel.The micron rating of the primary fuel filter should only be fine (low) enough to protect the fuel transfer pump. A very fine (low micron rating) primary filter, can be more easily plugged by wax in cold weather. A primary filter, with a micron rating as fine as a secondary filter, can cause waxing problems in cold weather. An 8N6435 Filter is recommended as a cold weather primary fuel filter.The best location for the primary fuel filter is near the engine, where it will benefit from the radiant heat of the engine.Types of Fuel
Caterpillar diesel engines have the ability to burn a wide variety of fuels. These fuels are divided into two general groups, preferred and permissible.The preferred fuels provide maximum engine service life and performance. They are distillate fuels. They are commonly called diesel fuel, furnace oil, gas oil or kerosene.The permissible fuels are crude oils or blended fuels. Use of these fuels can result in higher maintenance costs and reduced engine service life.Refer to "Fuels for Caterpillar Diesel Engines," Form SEHS7067, for a detailed summary of preferred and permissible fuels and their specifications.Refer to Form SEBD0717 (Diesel Fuels and Your Engine) or* S.A.E. J313 Diesel Fuel Specifications for information about fuel properties, such as ignition quality, gravity/density, viscosity, cloud point, sulfur content, etc. S.A.E. J313 can be found in an SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) handbook or obtained from your local technological society, library or college.*Fuel Cetane Requirement
The minimum fuel cetane number recommended for the 3208 direct injection engine is 40.Fuel Cloud Point
Fuel waxing can plug the fuel filters in cold weather. The fuel cloud point must be below the temperature of the surrounding air to prevent filter waxing and power loss. Fuel heating attachments are available from your Caterpillar dealer to minimize fuel filter waxing.Fuel Sulfur Content
The percentage of sulfur in the fuel will affect the engine oil recommendations. Fuel sulfur is chemically changed during combustion to form both sulfurous and sulfuric acid. These acids chemically attack metal surfaces and cause corrosive wear. Certain additives used in lubricating oils contain alkaline compounds that are formulated to neutralize these acids. The measure of this reserve alkalinity in a lubricating oil is known as its Total Base Number (TBN). Higher engine oil TBN values are essential to neutralize the acids from combustion gases and to minimize corrosive wear.Any API performance oil should have sufficient TBN for fuels with less than 0.5% sulfur.If the fuel has over 0.5% sulfur content, the engine oil must have a TBN of 20 times the percentage of fuel sulfur as measured by the ASTM (American Society of Testing Materials) D-2896 method. (ASTM D-2896 can normally be found at your local technological society, library or college.)If the sulfur content in the fuel is greater than 1.5% by weight, use an oil with a TBN of 30 and reduce the oil change interval by one half.Periodically request fuel sulfur content information from your fuel supplier. Fuel sulfur content can change with each bulk delivery.For more information on oil, fuel sulfur content, etc., refer to "Oil and Your Engine," Form SEBD0640 or contact your Caterpillar dealer.For more information on fuels and