0315965 JOHNSON RETAINER,Spring

Starting The Engine
The 3100 HEUI Diesel Truck Engine's ECM will automatically provide the correct amount of fuel to start the engine. DO NOT HOLD THE THROTTLE DOWN while cranking the engine. If the engine fails to start in twenty seconds, release the starter switch. Allow the starter motor to cool for two minutes before using it again.
Excessive ether (starting fluid) can cause piston and ring damage. Use ether for cold weather starting purposes only.
Cold Mode Operation
If the sum of coolant temperature and inlet air temperature is less than 35°C (95°F), the ECM will set cold start conditions; low idle rpm will be increased to 1000 rpm, and engine power will be limited. Cold mode will be de-activated when the above temperature condition is met, or after twelve minutes of running. It can also be disabled by depressing the service brake or by placing an automatic transmission in gear from neutral/park. Cold mode may ramp slowly back to 1000 rpm after disabling, if the temperature conditions still exist (and an automatic transmission is not in gear). Cold Mode also varies fuel injection amount and timing for white smoke control. The time needed for the engine to reach the normal operating temperature is usually less than the time taken for a walk-around-inspection of the vehicle.Cold mode idle speed is disabled by depressing the service brake, throttle, or clutch (where applicable). The engine will idle at the programmed low idle value to allow it to be put in gear.
A 3100 HEUI Diesel Truck Engine should not be moved until it is out of cold mode. If the truck is operated while in cold mode, power may be noticeably reduced. Above 5 mph, low idle will be reduced to the customer programmed low idle and power will still be reduced.
After cold mode is completed, the engine should be operated at low rpm until normal operating temperature is reached. The engine will reach normal operating temperature faster when driven at low rpm and low power demand than when idled at no load. Typically, the engine should be up to operating temperature by just driving through the yard toward the open road.Glossary Of 3100 HEUI Diesel Truck Engine Electronic Control Terms
After Market DeviceA device or accessory installed by the customer after the vehicle is delivered.Air Inlet Temperature SensorA sensor that measures the inlet air temperatures and provides a signal to the electronic control module (ECM).Air-To-Air Aftercooler (ATAAC)A means of cooling intake air after the turbocharger, using ambient air for cooling. The intake air is passed through an aftercooler (heat exchanger) mounted in front of the radiator before going to the intake manifold.American Wire Gauge (AWG)A measure of the diameter (and therefore the current carrying ability) of electrical wire. The smaller the AWG number, the larger the wire.Before Top Center (BTC)The 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation before the piston reaches Top Center (normal direction of rotation).Boost Pressure SensorThis sensor measures inlet manifold air pressure and sends a signal to the Electronic Control Module (ECM).Bypass CircuitA circuit, usually temporary, to substitute for an existing circuit, typically for test purposes.CalibrationAs used here for timing and is an electronic adjustment of a sensor signal.Coolant Temperature SensorThis sensor detects the engine coolant temperature for Cold Mode operation and Caterpillar Engine Monitoring (if Engine Monitoring is not programmed OFF)Cruise Control RangeThe range within which the cruise control can operate. Usually limited to the speed range anticipated on the open road.CodeSee Diagnostic Code.Customer Specified ParametersA parameter that can be changed and whose value is set by the customer. Protected by customer passwords.Data LinkAn electrical connection for communication with other microprocessor based devices that are compatible with the proposed American Trucking Association and SAE Standard such as, trip recorders, electronic dashboards, and maintenance systems. The data link is also the communication medium used for programming and troubleshooting with Caterpillar electronic service tools.Desired RPMAn input to the electronic governor within the ECM. The electronic governor uses inputs from the Throttle Position Sensor, Engine Speed Sensor, Cruise Control, and Customer Parameters to determine "Desired RPM".Diagnostic CodeSometimes referred to as a "fault code", it is an indication of a problem or event in the electrical engine systems.Diagnostic LampSometimes referred to as the "check engine light", it is used to warn the operator of the presence of an active diagnostic code.Direct CurrentThe type of current where the direction of current flow is consistently in one direction only.Duty CycleSee Pulse Width Modulation. Generically, refers to the time ON vs. time OFF of any signal, device, or engine.Electronic Control Module (ECM)The engine control computer that provides power for the engine electronics, monitors the engine inputs and acts as a governor to control engine rpm.Electronic Engine ControlThe complete electronic system that monitors and controls engine operation under all conditions.Electronic Service ToolA Caterpillar electronic service tool used for diagnosing and programming a variety of electronic controls.Engine Speed/Timing SensorProvides electrical signals to the ECM, which the ECM interprets as crankshaft position and engine speed.Estimated Dynamic TimingThe ECM's estimate of actual injection timing.Exhaust Brake Enable SignalThe retarder enable signal interfaces the ECM to the engine retarder. This prohibits operation of the exhaust brake under unsafe engine operating conditions (while fueling is taking place, etc).Failure Mode Identifier (FMI)Type of failure the component experienced (adopted from SAE standard practice J1587 diagnostics).Flash MemorySee Personality Module.Fuel Ratio Control (FRC)(FRC Fuel Pos) is a limit based on control of the fuel/air ratio and is used for emissions control purposes. When the ECM senses a higher boost pressure (more air into cylinder), it increases the "FRC Fuel Pos" limit (allows more fuel into cylinder).Fuel PositionAn internal signal within the ECM from the Electronic Governor to fuel injection control, based on desired rpm, FRC fuel position, and rated fuel position. See item "Electronic Control Signal Flow Chart".HarnessThe wiring bundle connecting all components of the electrical engine systems.Hertz (Hz)Measure of frequency in cycles per second.High Pressure Oil ManifoldAn oil gallery added to the air intake manifold to supply the unit injectors with high pressure oil.High Pressure Oil PumpA gear-driven axial