0338719 JOHNSON SHIM, 0.005

3176 System Overview
The 3176 Vehicular Diesel Engine was designed from the beginning for electronic control. The injection pump, fuel lines and nozzles used in traditional Caterpillar Diesel Engines have been replaced with an electronic unit injector in each cylinder. A solenoid on each injector controls the amount of fuel delivered by the injector. An Electronic Control Module (ECM) sends a signal to each injector solenoid, to provide complete control of the engine.Electronic Controls
The 3176 Vehicular Diesel Engine controller consists of two main components: the Electronic Control Module (ECM) and the Personality Module. The ECM is the computer and the personality module is the software for the computer (the personality module also stores the operating maps that define horsepower, torque curves, rpm, etc.). The two work together (along with sensors to "see" and solenoid/injectors to "act") to control the engine. Neither one can do anything by itself.The ECM determines a "desired rpm" based on the throttle signal and certain diagnostic codes. The ECM then maintains the desired engine rpm by sensing actual engine rpm and deciding how much fuel to inject in order to achieve the desired rpm.3176 RPM Control Logic 3176 Electronic Governor Fuel Injection
The ECM controls the amount of fuel injected, by varying signals to the injectors. The injectors will inject fuel ONLY if the injector solenoid is energized. The ECM sends a 100 volt signal to the solenoid to energize it. By controlling the timing and duration of the 100 volt signal, the ECM can control injection timing and the amount of fuel injected.The ECM sets certain limits on the amount of fuel that can be injected. "FRC Fuel Pos" is a limit based on boost pressure to control the fuel-air ratio, for emissions control purposes. When the ECM senses a higher boost pressure (more air into cylinder), it increases the "FRC Fuel Pos" limit (allows more fuel into cylinder). "Rated Fuel Pos" is a limit based on the horsepower rating of the engine. It is similar to the rack stops and torque spring on a mechanically-governed engine. It provides horsepower and torque curves for a specific engine family and rating. All of these limits are programmed by the factory into the Personality Module and are not programmable in the field.Injection timing depends on engine rpm, load and other operation factors. The ECM knows where top-dead-center of cylinder number one is from the signal provided by the engine Speed/Timing Sensor. It decides when injection should occur relative to top-dead-center and provides the signal to the injector at the desired time.Under certain conditions, the 3176 Engine may intentionally operate on just three cylinders. This feature is called "Three Cylinder Cutout" and occurs when the engine is operated under no load, at high rpm (when signals to the injectors are of very short duration). Under these conditions, the ECM does not inject fuel into cylinders 4, 5 and 6. This allows for more precise fuel metering to cylinders 1, 2 and 3. The accompanying change in feel and sound of the engine should not be misdiagnosed as an engine problem. When more power is needed, all six cylinders will be fueled and full power delivered.Programmable Parameters
Certain parameters that affect 3176 Vehicular Diesel Engine operation may be changed through electronic service tools (either the ECAP or DDT). The parameters are stored in the ECM and passwords are used to prevent unauthorized changes.Password protected parameters are either "System Configuration Parameters" or "Customer Specified Parameters". System Configuration Parameters are set at the factory and affect emissions or horsepower ratings within a family of engines. Factory passwords must be obtained and used to change System Configuration Parameters. Customer Specified Parameters are variable and can be used to affect such things as the rpm/horsepower ratings within the limits set by the factory. Customer Passwords must be used to change Customer Specified Parameters.If the operator has not had adequate training, some parameters may affect engine operation in ways that are not expected. This may lead to power or performance complaints, even though the engine is operating correctly.Passwords
"System Configuration Parameters" are protected by factory passwords. System Configuration Parameters are those that affect horsepower family or emissions. Factory passwords are calculated on a computer system available only to Caterpillar dealers. Since factory passwords contain alphabetic characters, only the ECAP may change System Configuration Parameters."Customer Specified Parameters" are protected by customer passwords. Customer Specified Parameters are those that affect top engine limit, low idle engine rpm and horsepower rating within a family. The customer passwords are programmed by the customer. Either the ECAP or DDT may normally change Customer Specified Parameters. However, if a customer uses alphabetic characters in his password, only the ECAP can be used to change those parameters.The section on "Programming 3176 Parameters", in this manual, has more details on when passwords are needed and how to obtain them.Self-Diagnostics
The 3176 Vehicular Diesel Engine has some ability to diagnose itself. When a problem is detected, a Diagnostic Code is generated and the Diagnostic Lamp is turned on. In most cases, the code is also stored in permanent memory in the ECM.Diagnostic Codes that represent current faults are called ACTIVE. They indicate that a problem of some kind currently exists. They should always be serviced first. See the Troubleshooting Active Diagnostic Codes section in this manual for more details.Diagnostic Codes stored in memory are called LOGGED. The problem may have been temporary or may have been repaired since the time it was LOGGED. Therefore, LOGGED diagnostic codes don't necessarily mean something needs to be repaired. LOGGED diagnostic codes may be helpful indicators for INTERMITTENT problems. In addition, some logged diagnostic codes record "events", rather than failures. See the section on Troubleshooting Logged Diagnostic Codes in this manual for more details.3176 Engine System Component Diagrams
For Electrical Schematic, refer to Form No. SENR4971.
Location Of 3176 System Connectors
Electronic Control System Components
(1) Speed/timing sensor connector (J9/P9). (2) Coolant temperature sensor connector (J10/P10). (3) Engine data link connector (J8). (4) Vehicle connector (J7/P7). (5) Fuel injector connector (J5/P5). (6) Fuel pressure