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Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel 0.0015 percent (≤15 ppm (mg/kg)) sulfur is required by regulation for use in engines certified to nonroad Tier 4 standards (U.S. EPA Tier 4 certified) and that are equipped with exhaust aftertreatment systems.European ULSD 0.0010 percent (≤10ppm (mg/kg)) sulfur fuel is required by regulation for use in engines certified to European nonroad Stage IIIB and newer standards and are equipped with exhaust aftertreatment systems.Certain governments/localities and/or applications MAY require the use of ULSD fuel. Consult federal, state, and local authorities for guidance on fuel requirements for your area.Typical aftertreatment systems include Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF), Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC), Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and/or Lean NOx Traps (LNT). Other systems may apply.Low sulfur diesel (LSD) fuel 0.05 percent (≤500 ppm (mg/kg) sulfur) is strongly recommended for use in engines that are pre-Tier 4 models, while diesel fuel with > 0.05 percent (500 ppm (mg/kg)) sulfur is acceptable for use in areas of the world where allowed by law. Pre-Tier 4 engines that are equipped with a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) require the use of LSD fuel or ULSD fuel.ULSD fuel or sulfur-free diesel fuel are applicable for use in all engines regardless of the engine Tier or Stage.Use appropriate lubricating oils that are compatible with the engine certification and aftertreatment system and with the fuel sulfur levels. Refer to the “Diesel Fuel Sulfur Impacts” article of this “Fuels Specifications” section and to the “Lubricants Specifications” section of this Special Publication.
The overall quality of the fuel is critical to the successful operation of engines.Engine operating conditions play a key role in determining the effect that fuel sulfur will have on engine deposits and on engine wear. Using fuels with higher than recommended fuel sulfur levels can or will cause various negative impacts. For information on fuel sulfur and fuel sulfur impacts refer to the Diesel Fuel Sulfur article in this Fuel Specifications section.
Do not add new engine oil, waste engine oil or any oil product to the fuel unless the engine is designed and certified to burn diesel engine oil (for example Caterpillar ORS designed for large engines). Caterpillar experience has shown that adding oil products to Tier 4 engine fuels (U.S. EPA Tier 4 certified), to EURO Stage IIB and IV certified engine fuels, or to the fuels of engines equipped with exhaust aftertreatment devices, will generally cause the need for more frequent ash service intervals and/or cause loss of performance.Adding oil products to the fuel may raise the sulfur level of the fuel and may cause fouling of the fuel system and loss of performance.
Cat does not require the use of ULSD in Nonroad and machine applications that are not Tier 4/Stage IIIB/ Stage IV certified engines. These engines that are not equipped with aftertreatment devices do not require ULSD. For Tier 4/Stage IIIB/Stage IV certified engines, always follow operating instructions and fuel tank inlet labels to insure the correct fuels are used.ULSD and any other fuel used in Cat engines have to be properly formulated by the fuel supplier. Fuels must meet Special Publication, "Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel for Off-Highway Diesel Engines". Fuels that are defined as "ASTM D975" Grade No. 1-D S15 or "ASTM D975" Grade No. 2-D S15 generally meet Cat requirements for ULSD.Refer to this Special Publication, "Characteristics of Diesel Fuel" article for additional pertinent information concerning fuel lubricity, fuel oxidation stability, fuel sulfur, and aftertreatment devices. Also refer to "ASTM D975-08a", to the specific engine Operation and Maintenance Manual, and to aftertreatment device documentation for guidance.Note: Cat strongly recommends the filtration of distillate fuel and/or biodiesel/biodiesel blends through a fuel filter with a rating of four microns(c) absolute or less. This filtration should be located on the device that dispenses the fuel to the fuel tank for the engine, and also on the device that dispenses fuel from the bulk storage tank. Series filtration is recommended.Note: The owner and the operator of the engine has the responsibility of using the correct fuel that is recommended by the manufacturer and allowed by the U.S. EPA and, as appropriate, other regulatory agencies.
Operating with fuels that do not meet Cat recommendations can cause the following effects: starting difficulty, reduced fuel filter service life, poor combustion, deposits in the fuel injectors, reduced service life of the fuel system, deposits in the combustion chamber and reduced service life of the engine.
The footnotes are a key part of the “Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel” Table. Read ALL of the footnotes.
For additional guidance related to many of the fuel characteristics that are listed, refer to “Cat Specification for Distillate Fuel for Nonroad Diesel Engines”, table 1.The values of the fuel viscosity given in table 1 are the values as the fuel is delivered to the fuel injection pumps. For ease of comparison, fuels should also meet the minimum and maximum viscosity requirements at 40° C (104° F) that are stated by the use of either the "ASTM D445" test method or the "ISO 3104" test method. If a fuel with a low viscosity is used, cooling of the fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or greater viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Fuels with a high viscosity might require fuel heaters in order to lower the viscosity to either 4.5 cSt or less for rotary fuel injection pumps or 20 cSt viscosity or less for all other fuel injection pumps.The lubricity of a fuel i