941403-0500 Tohatsu WAVE WASHER, D=5

Illustration 1 g01205681
Air inlet and exhaust system
(1) Exhaust manifold
(2) Electronic unit injector
(3) Glow plug
(4) Inlet manifold
(5) Aftercooler core
(6) Exhaust outlet
(7) Turbine side of turbocharger
(8) Compressor side of turbocharger
(9) Air inlet from the air cleaner
(10) Inlet valve
(11) Exhaust valve The components of the air inlet and exhaust system control the quality of air and the amount of air that is available for combustion. The air inlet and exhaust system consists of the following components:
Air cleaner
Turbocharger
Aftercooler
Inlet manifold
Cylinder head, injectors, and glow plugs
Valves and valve system components
Piston and cylinder
Exhaust manifoldAir is drawn in through the air cleaner into the air inlet of the turbocharger (9) by the turbocharger compressor wheel (8). The air is compressed and heated to about 150 °C (300 °F) before the air is forced to the aftercooler (5). As the air flows through the aftercooler the temperature of the compressed air lowers to about 50 °C (120 °F). Cooling of the inlet air increases combustion efficiency. Increased combustion efficiency helps achieve the following benefits:
Lower fuel consumption
Increased horsepower output
Reduced particulate emissionFrom the aftercooler, air is forced into the inlet manifold (4). Air flow from the inlet manifold to the cylinders is controlled by inlet valves (10). There are two inlet valves and two exhaust valves for each cylinder. The inlet valves open when the piston moves down on the intake stroke. When the inlet valves open, cooled compressed air from the inlet port is forced into the cylinder. The complete cycle consists of four strokes:
Inlet
Compression
Power
ExhaustOn the compression stroke, the piston moves back up the cylinder and the inlet valves (10) close. The cool compressed air is compressed further. This additional compression generates more heat.Note: If the cold starting system is operating, the glow plugs (3) will also heat the air in the cylinder.Just before the piston reaches the TC position, the ECM operates the electronic unit injector. Fuel is injected into the cylinder. The air/fuel mixture ignites. The ignition of the gases initiates the power stroke. Both the inlet and the exhaust valves are closed and the expanding gases force the piston downward toward the bottom center (BC) position.From the BC position, the piston moves upward. This initiates the exhaust stroke. The exhaust valves open. The exhaust gases are forced through the open exhaust valves into the exhaust manifold.Exhaust gases from exhaust manifold (1) enter the turbine side of the turbocharger in order to turn turbocharger turbine wheel (7). The turbine wheel is connected to the shaft that drives the compressor wheel. Exhaust gases from the turbocharger pass through exhaust outlet (6), a silencer, and an exhaust pipe.Turbocharger
Illustration 2 g00302786
Turbocharger
(1) Air intake
(2) Compressor housing
(3) Compressor wheel
(4) Bearing
(5) Oil inlet port
(6) Bearing
(7) Turbine housing
(8) Turbine wheel
(9) Exhaust outlet
(10) Oil outlet port
(11) Exhaust inlet The turbocharger is mounted on the outlet of the exhaust manifold in one of two positions on the right side of the engine, toward the top of the engine or to the side of the engine. The exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold enters the exhaust inlet (11) and