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Table 1
Diagnostic Trouble Codes
J1939 Code and Description Conditions that Generate the Code System Response
190-8 Engine Speed : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period The signal from the primary engine speed/timing sensor is intermittent or the signal has been lost. The engine will use the signal from the secondary engine speed/timing sensor for engine speed/timing.
The code is logged.
637-13 Engine Timing Sensor : Out of Calibration the engine has failed the automatic timing calibration during engine start-up The value of the timing offset that has been stored in memory will be used. This value will continue to be used for the timing calibration until the diagnostic is resolved
The code is logged.
723-8 Engine Speed Sensor #2 : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period The signal from the secondary engine speed/timing sensor is intermittent or the signal has been lost. The engine will use the signal from the primary engine speed/timing sensor for engine speed/timing.
The code is logged. The engine uses two engine speed/timing sensors. The primary speed/timing sensor detects the reference for engine speed and timing from a timing ring on the crankshaft timing gear. The timing ring consists of a notched pattern that is machined onto a portion of the gear. The signal from the primary engine speed/timing sensor is also used by the Electronic Control Module (ECM) as a control reference during a timing calibration. The secondary engine speed/timing sensor detects the reference for engine speed and timing from a timing ring on the camshaft timing gear. The timing ring consists of a notched pattern that has been machined onto a portion of the gear.The ECM counts the time between pulses that is created by the sensor as each gear rotates in order to determine rpm. Timing is provided by the unique pattern of notches in the timing ring.Under normal operation, the secondary engine speed/timing sensor is used to determine timing for starting purposes. The secondary engine speed/timing sensor is used to determine when the piston in the No. 1 cylinder is at the top of the compression stroke. When the timing has been established, the primary engine speed/timing sensor is then used to determine engine speed.When the timing has been established, the ECM triggers each injector in the correct firing order at the correct time. The actual timing and duration of each injection is based on engine rpm and on load. If the engine is running and the signal from one sensor is lost, no change in engine performance will be noticed. If the engine is running and the signals from both sensors are lost, fuel injection will be terminated. The engine is shut down by the ECM. The engine will start when only one sensor signal is present. The engine will not start if the signals from both sensors are lost.A timing offset is determined during each engine start-up. The value of the timing offset is stored in the non-volatile memory of the ECM until the successful completion of the next engine start-up. If a failure mode for the crankshaft speed/timing sensor is detected during engine start-up, the timing offset stored in ECM memory will be used. This value will continue to be used for the engine timing calibration until the diagnostic is resolved. A timing calibration cannot be performed manually on this engine.Both sensors are magnetic sensors. The two sensors are not interchangeable. If a sensor is replaced, a timing calibration is not necessary.Complete all of the following tasks when you install a speed/timing sensor:
Ensure that an O-ring is installed on the sensor. If the O-ring is damaged or missing, replace the O-ring.
Lubricate the O-ring with oil.
Ensure that the sensor is fully seated into the engine before tightening the bracket bolt.
Ensure that the electrical connector is latched.
Ensure that the harness is properly secured, and ensure that each tie-wrap is placed in the correct location.
Illustration 1 g02128717
Schematic for the engine speed/timing sensors
Test Step 1. Check for Diagnostic Codes
Connect Cat ET to the service tool connector. Refer to Troubleshooting, "Electronic Service Tools".
Restore electrical power to the ECM.
Start the engine and run the engine until the engine is at the normal operating temperature. Note: If the engine will not start, monitor the engine rpm on Cat ET while the engine is being cranked. You may need to power Cat ET from another battery while the engine is being cranked.
Look for these codes on Cat ET:
190-8
723-8Expected Result:One or both of the diagnostic codes that are listed above are logged or active.Note: If the engine will not start and Cat ET displayed 0 rpm during cranking, select "No Engine rpm".Results:
No Engine rpm - Engine rpm is not indicated on Cat ET. Proceed to Test Step 2.
Active 190-8 or 723-8 Code - There is an active diagnostic code or a logged diagnostic code for an engine speed/timing sensor. Proceed to Test Step 4.
Active 637-13 Code - The ECM was unable to calibrate the engine timing during the previous start-up attempt. Proceed to Test Step 2.
No codes - Neither code is active or logged.Repair: Refer to the appropriate symptoms in Troubleshooting, "Troubleshooting Without a Diagnostic Code".STOPTest Step 2. Check the Installation of the Sensor Assembly
Remove electrical power from the ECM.
Illustration 2 g01167684
Typical engine speed/timing sensor
(1) Mounting flange
(2) Mounting surface
Visually inspect each sensor assembly without removing the sensor assembly from the engine. Ensure that flange (1) is installed squarely against surface (2).
Remove the suspect sensor assembly from the engine.
Illustration 3 g01167704
Typical engine speed/timing sensor
(3) O-ring
Ensure that one O-ring (3) is installed on the sensor. Check the O-ring for damage. Replace the O-ring, if necessary. Results:
OK - The sensor components are OK.Repair: Perform the following procedure in order to install the sensor assembly:
Lubricate the O-ring with engine oil.
Fully seat the sensor assembly in the engine. Note: If the sensor assembly will not fully seat into the engine, replace the sensor assembly.
Tighten the bracket bolt.
Connect the sensor electrical connectors. Verify that the connectors are latched on both sides.
Ensure that the harness is properly secured, and that the tie-wraps are placed in the correct location. Proceed to Test Step 3.
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