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Cooling System
Always check your cooling system level before operating your engine.
In cold weather, frequently check the specific gravity of the coolant solution to ensure adequate protection.If the engine is to be stored in, or operated in an area with freezing temperatures, the cooling system must be protected to the lowest expected ambient outside temperature to prevent damage.Since Caterpillar engines incorporate a shunt design cooling system, it is mandatory to always operate the engine with four thermostats. Depending on load, failure to operate with thermostats could result in either an overheating or an overcooling condition.
Coolant should be drained and replaced every Two Years or 3000 service hours, whichever occurs first.However, clean the cooling system before the recommended maintenance interval if:* It is heavily contaminated* The engine overheats* Foaming is observed in the radiator* The oil cooler has failed allowing oil in the coolant* Supplemental coolant additive and antifreeze other than Caterpillar products are usedThe recommended intervals for performing maintenance on your cooling system are based on experience and gathered data relative to the performance characteristics of the engine and its components.Cooling system maintenance has a direct effect on the operation and service life of the engine. Improper maintenance can result in a variety of problems that can shorten engine service life or result in poor engine performance.When the cooling system is drained, flushed and coolant replaced, small particles, undesirable chemicals, scale and other deposit formations are removed that reduce the necessary heat transfer characteristics of the system.Failure to flush and change the coolant in the system as recommended will reduce the efficiency of the cooling system and, in some cases, result in an increase in fuel consumption.Total disregard for performing maintenance on the cooling system would eventually cause engine overheating problems that could result in severe damage to the engine and other components.Drain/Flush Coolant
Do not change the coolant until you read and understand the material in the "Cooling System Specifications" section.This procedure is to be used for normal maintenance of cooling system surfaces to return to "like new" condition. For heavy build-up of scale and deposits, a severe acid type commercial cleaner or mechanical cleaning will be required.
Typical Example1. Loosen the coolant water expansion/holding tank fill cap slowly to relieve any pressure. Remove the cap.
Typical Installation2. Remove the cooling system drain plug and or ...... open the system drain valve and water pump drain plugs and allow the coolant to drain. 3. Remove the two block drain plugs from both sides of the engine. Allow coolant to drain.Due to shortages, higher costs and the disposal problems of used coolant, the interest in recycling used coolant has increased. The full distillation procedure is the only method acceptable by Caterpillar to reclaim used coolant. The ethylene glycol and water obtained from this process can be treated with new chemical corrosion inhibitors to provide a like-new coolant.Commercial units are available to perform this distillation process. Contact Caterpillar Service Technology Group:Outside Illinois: 1-800-542-TOOLInside Illinois: 1-800-541-TOOLCanada: 1-800-532-TOOLRefer to Service Magazine article dated November 13, 1989 and/or Engine News article dated November 1989 for information on disposal and recycling of used coolant.4. Clean and install all drain plugs and/or close the drain valve.5. Refill the cooling system with a clean water mixed with a 6 to 10 percent concentration of Caterpillar cooling System Cleaner, a commercially available cleaner or 1 kg (2 lb) sodium bisulfate per 38 L (10 gal) water as a cleaner.6. Start and run the engine 1 1/2 hours.7. Stop the engine and remove the drain plugs to drain the cleaning solution.8. Flush the system with water with the engine stopped until the draining water is clear.9. Install the drain plugs or close the drain valve. If neutralizer is not to be used, go to step number 14.Fill the system with a neutralizer or 250 g (1/2 lb) sodium carbonate per 38 L (10 U.S. gal) water. Use a commercially available neutralizer as required. Read the directions on the cleaner label. Not all cleaners require the neutralizer.10. Start and operate the engine for ten minutes.11. Stop the engine and remove the drain plugs to drain the neutralizer.12. With the engine stopped, flush the system with water until the draining water is clear.13. Install the drain plugs or close the drain valve.14. Fill the system with clean water. Start and operate the engine for five minutes.15. Stop the engine, drain the cooling system and install the drain plugs.16. Repeat the flushing procedure until the draining water is clear.Refer to the topic "Cooling System Specifications" in this publication for all information pertaining to water, antifreeze and coolant conditioner requirements.17. Fill the cooling system with the proper coolant solution. Mix a solution of acceptable water and Caterpillar Antifreeze (which contains coolant conditioner). Add at 20 L (5 U.S. gal) per minute or less to avoid air locks. See "Refill Capacities" in this publication for the capacity of your engine's system. Supplemental Coolant Additive (Conditioner) should only be used when NOT using Caterpillar Antifreeze. Add 1 quart (.95 liters) of coolant conditioner for every 8 U.S. gallons (30 liters) of cooling system capacity, ONLY when NOT using Caterpillar Antifreeze, which contains conditioner.18. Start and operate the engine with the filler cap removed. Allow the coolant to warm or until the thermostat opens and the level stabilizes. 19. Add and maintain the coolant level to the proper level on the sight glass, if equipped. To prevent engine damage, never add coolant to an overheated engine. Allow the engine to cool first. 20. Check the condition of the fill cap gasket. If the gasket is damaged, discard the old fill cap and install a new fill cap.If the gasket is not damaged, use a 9S8140 Service Tool to pressure test the fill cap, if applicable. This tool is available from your Caterpillar dealer.The correct filler cap pressure is stamped on the face of the filler cap. If the filler cap does not hold the correct pressure, install a new filler cap.21. Stop the engine.Replace Water Temperature Regulators (Thermostats)
Replacing