837665 Volvo.Penta Coolant pipe

Illustration 1 g06297997
Typical example
(A) Inlet valves
(B) Exhaust valves
Table 1
C3.6 Engine Specifications
Operating Range (rpm) 800 to 2400 (1)
Number of Cylinders 4 In-Line
Bore 98 mm (3.858 inch)
Stroke 120 mm (4.724 inch)
Power (Model FT) 55 to 90 kW (73.7 to 120.7 hp)
Aspiration Turbocharged charge cooled
Compression Ratio 17:1
Displacement 3.621 L (220.966 cubic inch)
Firing Order 1-3 -4-2
Valves per cylinder 4
Rotation (flywheel end) Counterclockwise
(1) The operating rpm depends on the engine rating, the application, and the configuration of the throttle.C2.8 Industrial Engine
The Caterpillar C2.8 industrial engine is a single turbocharged, air to air charge cooled engine with an engine prefix of D28.Note: The front end of the engine is opposite the flywheel end of the engine. The left and the right sides of the engine are determined from the flywheel end. The number 1 cylinder is the front cylinder.
Illustration 2 g06297997
Typical example
(A) Inlet valves
(B) Exhaust valves
Table 2
C2.8 Engine Specifications
Operating Range (rpm) 800 to 2400 (1)
Number of Cylinders 4 In-Line
Bore 90 mm (3.54 inch)
Stroke 110 mm (4.33 inch)
Power rating 50 kW to 55.4 kW (67.05 hp to 74.29 hp)
Aspiration Turbocharged and Turbocharged charge cooled
Compression Ratio 17:1
Displacement 2.8 L (170.87 cubic inch)
Firing Order 1-3 -4-2
Valves per cylinder 4
Rotation (flywheel end) Counterclockwise
(1) The operating rpm depends on the engine rating, the application, and the configuration of the throttle.Electronic Engine Features
The engine operating conditions are monitored. The Electronic Control Module (ECM) controls the response of the engine to these conditions and to the demands of the operator. These conditions and operator demands determine the precise control of fuel injection by the ECM. The electronic engine control system provides the following features:
Engine monitoring
Engine speed governing
Control of the injection pressure
Cold start strategy
Automatic air/fuel ratio control
Torque rise shaping
Injection timing control
System diagnostics
NOx reduction system controlThe ECM provides an electronic governor that controls the injector output to maintain the desired engine speed.For more information on electronic engine features, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Features and Controls" topic (Operation Section).Engine Diagnostics
The engine has built-in diagnostics to ensure that the engine systems are functioning correctly. The operator will be alerted to the condition by a "Stop or Warning" lamp. Under certain conditions, the engine horsepower and the vehicle speed may be limited. The electronic service tool may be used to display the diagnostic codes.There are three types of diagnostic codes: active, logged, and event.Most of the diagnostic codes are logged and stored in the ECM. For additional information, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Engine Diagnostics" topic (Operation Section).Engine Cooling and Lubrication
The cooling system and lubrication system consists of the following components:
Belt driven water pump
Water temperature regulator which regulates the engine coolant temperature
Gear-driven gerotor type oil pump
Oil coolerThe engine lubricating oil is supplied by a gerotor type oil pump. The engine lubricating oil is cooled and the engine lubricating oil is filtered. The bypass valve can provide unrestricted flow of lubrication oil to the engine if the oil filter element should become plugged.Engine efficiency, efficiency of emission controls, and engine performance depend on adherence to proper operation and maintenance recommendations. Engine performance and efficiency also depend on the use of recommended fuels, lubrication oils, and coolants. Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Maintenance Interval Schedule" for more information on maintenance items.Engine Service Life
Engine efficiency and maximum utilization of engine performance depend on the adherence to proper operation and maintenance recommendations. In addition, use recommended fuels, coolants, and lubricants. Use the Operation and Maintenance Manual as a guide for required engine maintenance.Expected engine life is generally predicted by the average power that is demanded. The average power that is demanded is based on fuel consumption of the engine over time. Reduced hours of operation at full throttle and/or operating at reduced throttle settings result in a lower average power demand. Reduced hours of operation will increase the length of operating time before an engine overhaul is required. For more information, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Overhaul Considerations" topic (Maintenance Section).Aftermarket Products and Caterpillar Engines
Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or performance of non-Caterpillar fluids and filters.When auxiliary devices, accessories, or consumables (filters, additives) which are made by other manufacturers are used on Caterpillar products, the Caterpillar warranty is not affected simply