3173907 Volvo.Penta Cover

When using starting fluid, follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully, use it sparingly and spray it only while cranking the engine. Also, do not store starting fluid containers in the cab. Failure to do so, could result in an explosion and/or fire and possible personal injury.
Excessive ether can cause piston and ring damage. Use ether for cold starting purposes only.
3. As soon as the engine starts, allow the engine to idle for three to five minutes, or until the water temperature gauge indicator has begun to rise.4. Do not apply load to the engine or increase engine speed until the oil pressure gauge indicates normal. Oil pressure should raise within 15 seconds after the engine starts.5. Operate the engine at low load until all systems reach operating temperature. Check all gauges during the warm-up period.Starting With Jumper Cables
Batteries give off flammable fumes that can explode. Improper jumper cable connections can cause an explosion resulting in personal injury.Prevent sparks near the batteries. Sparks could cause vapors to explode. Do not allow jumper cable ends to contact each other or the engine.Do not smoke when observing the battery electrolyte levels.Always wear protective glasses when working with batteries.Electrolyte is an acid and can cause personal injury if it contacts skin or eyes.
Engines installed without engine-to-frame ground straps can be damaged by electrical discharge.To prevent electrical discharge damage, check to make sure the engine's electrical system has an engine-to-frame ground strap. For engines which have the alternator connected to an engine component, the ground strap must connect that component to the frame.Some engines have starter-to-frame ground straps. But many of these starters are not electrically grounded to the engine. They have electrical insulation systems. For this reason, the starter-to-frame ground strap may not be an acceptable engine ground.When boost starting, refer to the instructions that follow to properly start the engine.Your engine may have a 12 or 24 volt starting system. Use only the same voltage for boost starting. Use of a welder or higher voltage will damage the electrical system and is not recommended.
When using an external electrical source to start your truck engine, turn the START switch off and remove the key and turn off all electrical accessories before attaching cables. When using jumper cables always connect POSITIVE (+) cable to POSITIVE (+) terminal of battery which is connected to starter solenoid and NEGATIVE (-) cable from external source to starter NEGATIVE (-) terminal. If not equipped with a starter NEGATIVE terminal, connect to the engine block.Do not reverse the battery cables. The alternator can be damaged.Attach ground cable last and remove first.
1. Connect one end of the cable to the POSITIVE (+) terminal of the battery being started. Connect the other end to the POSITIVE (+) terminal of the power source.2. Connect one end of the other cable to the NEGATIVE (-) terminal of the power source. Connect the other end to the starter NEGATIVE (-) terminal or to the engine block. This prevents potential sparks from igniting combustible gases produced by some batteries.3. Start the engine.4. After the engine starts, disconnect the cable from the starter NEGATIVE (-) terminal or engine block. Disconnect the other end from the NEGATIVE (-) terminal of the power source.5. Disconnect the cable from the POSITIVE (+) terminal of the battery on the engine being started. Disconnect the cable from the POSITIVE (+) terminal of the power source.Emergency Starting
If the truck engine stops and/or will not start because of a wiring harness problem or a failed solenoid, use the following procedure to start the engine so the truck can be moved to a repair shop.1. Remove the solenoid. Disconnect the wires from the solenoid and insulate them with tape.2. Remove or depress the solenoid plunger.
When boost starting an engine, follow the instructions in Engine Starting in the Operation Section to properly start the engine.
a. If the truck is equipped with a type A solenoid, remove the solenoid, depress the plunger and crimp the brass sleeve with a pair of pliers. This will hold the plunger in the run position so it can be reinstalled without causing a shutdown.b. If the truck is equipped with type B solenoid, remove the solenoid and straighten the crimp in the steel sleeve and remove the plunger. Reinstall the solenoid after removing the plunger.Electrical System - Grounding Practices
Proper grounding for vehicle and engine electrical systems is necessary for proper vehicle performance and reliability. Improper grounding will result in uncontrolled and unreliable electrical circuit paths which can result in damage to main bearings and crankshaft journal surfaces. Uncontrolled electrical circuit paths can also cause electrical noise which may degrade vehicle and radio performance.To insure proper functioning of the vehicle and engine electrical systems, an engine-to-frame ground strap with a direct path to the battery must be used. This may be provided by way of a starting motor ground, a frame to starting motor ground, or a direct frame to engine ground.Ground wires/straps should be combined at ground studs dedicated for ground use only. The engine alternator must be battery (-) grounded with a wire size adequate to handle full alternator charging current.
This engine may be equipped with a 12 or 24 volt starting system. Use only equal voltage for boost starting. The use of a welder or higher voltage will damage the electrical system.