22335758 Volvo.Penta Cylinder liner kit

Illustration 1 g02851416
Air inlet and exhaust system
(1) Exhaust manifold
(2) Pipe to inlet manifold
(3) Engine cylinder
(4) Air inlet
(5) Turbocharger compressor wheel
(6) Turbocharger turbine wheel
(7) Exhaust outlet Clean inlet air from the air cleaner is pulled through air inlet (4) of the turbocharger by the turning of compressor wheel (5). The compressor wheel causes a compression of the air. The air then flows though to the inlet manifold (2) of the engine. When the inlet valves open, the air flows into engine cylinders (3). The air is mixed with the fuel for combustion. When the exhaust valves open, the exhaust gases go out of the engine cylinders and into exhaust manifold (1). From the exhaust manifold, the exhaust gases flow through the blades of turbine wheel (6). Exhaust gases cause the turbine wheel and compressor wheel to turn. The exhaust gases then flow out of exhaust outlet (7) of the turbocharger.Aftercooler
Air-to-Air Aftercooler
Illustration 2 g02158315
The dashed lines with arrows represent air flow and the solid lines with arrows represent coolant flow.
(1) Air cleaner
(2) Engine
(3) Turbocharger compressor
(4) Turbocharger turbine
(5) Water pump
(6) Air-to-air aftercooler
(7) Radiator
Illustration 3 g02946818
Left front of engine
(8) Air transfer lines between the turbocharger, the aftercooler, and the engine. There is no coolant flow in the air-to-air aftercooling system. The system is isolated from the jacket water cooling system.Fresh air is drawn through air cleaner (1) into turbocharger compressor (3). The air is compressed and the air is warmed by the compression. The compressing of air causes the air temperature to rise to about 160° C (320° F). The compressed air flows through the fins of aftercooler (6) where the compressed air is cooled to about 40° C (104° F) by the air flow from the fan. The cooled, compressed air becomes more dense, enabling the engine (2) to burn more fuel in order to provide more power. The exhaust from the engine flows through turbocharger turbine (4), which provides the energy that operates the turbocharger compressor.Turbocharger
Illustration 4 g03066625
(1) Air inlet to ATAAC
(2) Turbocharger
(3) Tube assemblies The turbocharger (2) is mounted to the turbocharger support manifold. All of the exhaust gases go from the exhaust manifolds through the tube assemblies (3) into the turbocharger turbine housing.
Illustration 5 g02851057
Turbocharger (typical example)
(4) Air inlet
(5) Compressor wheel
(6) Turbine wheel
(7) Exhaust outlet
(8) Compressor housing
(9) Oil inlet port
(10) Thrust collar
(11) Thrust bearing
(12) Turbine housing
(13) Spacer
(14) Air outlet
(15) Oil outlet port
(16) Bearing
(17) Lubrication passage
(18) Bearing
(19) Exhaust inlet The exhaust gases enter the turbocharger turbine housing (12) causing the blades of the turbocharger turbine wheel (6) to spin. The turbocharger turbine wheel is connected by a shaft to the turbocharger compressor wheel (5). The spinning turbine wheel causes the compressor wheel to turn at high speeds. The rotation of the compressor wheel draws clean air through the compressor housing air inlet (4). This action of the compressor wheel blades compresses the inlet air. This compression allows a larger amount of air to enter the engine. With more air in the engine, the engine is able to burn more fuel. The overall effect is an increase in power.When the load on the engine increases or when a greater engine speed is desired, additional fuel is injected into the cylinders. The extra fuel creates more exhaust gases, which cause the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel to turn faster. Additional air is forced into the engine as the compressor wheel turns faster. The increased flow of air allows the engine to produce more power. The engine produces more power because the engine is able to burn additional fuel with greater efficiency.The maximum rpm of the turbocharger is controlled by the following items:
Fuel setting
High idle rpm setting
Height above sea level
If the high idle rpm or the engine rating is higher than given in the Technical Marketing Information (TMI) for the height above sea level at which the engine is operated, there can be damage to engine or to turbocharger parts. Damage will result when increased heat and/or friction due to the higher engine output goes beyond the engine cooling and lubrication system's abilities.
The bearings (16) and (18) in the turbocharger use engine oil under pressure for lubrication. The oil enters through the oil inlet port (9), and flows through the passages in the center section for the lubrication of the bearings. The oil flows out of the oil outlet port (15) to the engine lubrication system.Valve System Components
The valves and the valve mechanism control the flow of inlet air into the cylinders during engine operation. The valves and the valve mechanism control the flow of exhaust gases out of the cylinders during engine operation.The crankshaft gear drives the camshaft gear. The camshaft gear must be timed to the crankshaft gear to get the correct relation between piston and valve movement.The camshaft has two lobes for each cylinder. One lobe controls the exhaust valves. The other lobe controls the inlet valves.
Illustration 6 g02857376
Valve system components (typical example)
(1) Inlet valve bridge
(2) Inlet rocker arm
(3) Valve pushrod
(4) Rotocoil
(5) Valve spring
(6) Valve guide
(7) Inlet valves
(8) Lifter
(9) Camshaft