872012 Volvo.Penta Drive

Illustration 1 g00285112
Typical solenoidThe solenoid has windings (one or two sets) around a hollow cylinder. There is a spring-loaded plunger inside the cylinder. The plunger can move forward and backward. When the start switch is closed and the electricity is sent through the windings, a magnetic field is made. The magnetic field pulls the plunger forward in the cylinder. The shift lever moves in order to engage the pinion drive gear with the ring gear. The front end of the plunger makes contact across the battery and the motor terminals of the solenoid. The starting motor begins to turn the flywheel of the engine.When the start switch is opened, current no longer flows through the windings. The spring pushes the plunger back to the original position. The spring simultaneously moves the pinion gear away from the flywheel.When two sets of windings in the solenoid are used, the windings are called the hold-in winding and the pull-in winding. Both of the winding have the same number of turns around the cylinder. However, the pull-in winding uses a wire with a larger diameter in order to produce a greater magnetic field. When the start switch is closed, part of the current flows from the battery through the hold-in windings. The rest of the current flows through the pull-in windings to the motor terminal. The current then goes through the motor to the ground. When the solenoid is fully activated, current is shut off through the pull-in windings. Only the smaller hold-in windings are in operation for the extended period. This period is aquil to the amount of time that is needed for the engine to start. The solenoid will now take less current from the battery. The heat that is made by the solenoid will be kept at an acceptable level.Starting Motor
The starting motor is used to turn the engine flywheel in order to get the engine running.
Illustration 2 g01192489
Typical cross section of the starting motor (1) Field (2) Solenoid (3) Clutch (4) Pinion (5) Commutator (6) Brush assembly (7) ArmatureThe starting motor has a solenoid. When the start switch is activated, electricity will flow through the windings of the solenoid. The solenoid core will move in order to push the starting motor pinion with a mechanical linkage. As the linkage moves, the ring gear engages the flywheel of the engine. The starting motor pinion engages with the ring gear prior to the electrical contacts closing in the solenoid. As the contacts close, the circuit between the battery and the starting motor is engaged. When the circuit between the battery and the starting motor is complete, the pinion will turn the engine flywheel. A clutch gives protection to the starting motor. The engine cannot turn the starting motor too fast. When the start switch is released, the starting motor pinion will move away from the flywheel ring gear.Starting Motor Protection
The starting motor is protected from damage in two ways:
The starting motor is protected from engagement with the flywheel while the engine is running. The control feature will not allow the starting motor to engage if the engine speed is above 0 rpm.
The starting motor is protected from continued operation when holding the key in the "start" position after the engine starts. The Electronic Control Module (ECM) automatically disengages the starting motor solenoid when engine speed reaches 300 rpm.