858413 Volvo.Penta Exhaust pipe elbow

Fuel
Indicates the level of fuel in the tank. Electrically operated, it registers only when the key switch is ON.Fuel Pressure
Indicator should register in the NORMAL (green) range. When the filter element becomes clogged, the indicator moves to OUT (red) 20 psi (140 kPa). When indicator registers below 20 psi, wash the primary fuel filter and replace the secondary fuel filter element.Ammeter
Indicates the rate of battery charge or discharge.Tachometer
Indicates engine RPM.Oil Pressure
Registers between 45 and 70 psi (310 and 480 kPa) when the engine is running at rated engine speed, with SAE 30 oil, at operating temperature. A lower pressure is normal at low idling speeds. If no pressure is indicated, stop the engine immediately.Water Temperature
Normally registers between 170°F and 195°F (77°C and 90°C). Somewhat higher temperatures may occur under certain conditions.Engines Equipped With Glow Plug Starting Aid
Starting fluid is volatile and must be stored away from heat and direct sunlight. If an aerosol container is used, follow the instructions on the container.
1. Remove the load from the engine.2. Move throttle to low idle.3. Turn the key switch to ON.4. Turn the HEAT-START switch to HEAT or START, as indicated by the Starting Aid Chart.5. After the indicated heat time, move the switch to the START position. If starting fluid is necessary, discharge the starting fluid capsule, or spray starting fluid into the air cleaner inlet. (If the engine fails to start within 30 seconds, release the starter switch. Wait 2 minutes to allow the starter motor to cool before using it again.)6. As soon as the engine starts, allow the engine to idle 3 to 5 minutes or until the water temperature gauge has begun to rise. In cold temperature, turn the HEAT-START switch to the HEAT position until the engine runs smoothly at low idle.7. Do not apply a load to the engine or increase engine speed, until the oil pressure registers on the gauge. (Oil pressure should raise to normal within 15 seconds after the engine starts.)8. Operate the engine at low load until all systems reach operating temperatures. Check all gauges during the warm-up period.Starting Aid Chart
Engines Not Equipped With Glow Plug Starting Aid
Caterpillar engines with direct injection (DI) are designed to start at temperatures above 10°F (-12°C) without using starting aids. If the temperature is below 10°F (-12°C), a starting aid may be necessary and/or crankcase oil may need to be heated. Jacket water heaters are often used to assist starting in cold temperatures.1. Place the transmission in NEUTRAL (and disengage the flywheel clutch, if so equipped).2. Do not apply the throttle when starting the engine.3. Turn the starter switch to START. (If the engine fails to start within 30 seconds, release the starter switch. Wait 2 minutes to allow the starter motor to cool before using it again.)4. As soon as the engine starts, allow the engine to idle for 3 to 5 minutes, or until the water temperature gauge begins to rise.5. Do not apply a load to the engine or increase engine speed, until the oil pressure gauge indicates normal. (Oil pressure should raise within 15 seconds after the engine starts.)6. Operate the engine at low load until all systems reach operating temperatures. Check all gauges during the warm-up period.Air Start
1. Perform all of the electric starting preliminary checks. 2. Check the air supply. There must be 100 psi air pressure available.3. Push the Engine Start button in.4. As soon as the engine starts, allow the engine to idle for 3 to 5 minutes, or until the water temperature gauge begins to rise.