975112 Volvo.Penta Flange screw

Engine Design
G3408
Cylinder And Valve LocationBore ... 137.2 mm (5.40 in)Stroke ... 152.4 mm (6.00 in)Displacement ... 18 liter (1099 cu in)Number of Cylinders ... V-8Arrangement of Cylinders ... 65 degreesValves per Cylinder ... 4Rotation of Crankshaft (when seen from flywheel end) ... counterclockwiseRotation of Magneto (when seen from flywheel end) ... counterclockwiseFiring Order ... 1,8,4,3,6,5,7,2Combustion ... spark ignited Front end of engine is opposite to flywheel end.Left side and right side of engine are as seen from flywheel end.No. 1 cylinder is the front cylinder on the left side.No. 2 cylinder is the front cylinder on the right side.G3412
Cylinder And Valve LocationBore ... 137.2 mm (5.40 in)Stroke ... 152.4 mm (6.00 in)Displacement ... 27 liter (1649 cu in)Number of Cylinders ... V-12Arrangement of Cylinders ... 65 degreesValves per Cylinder ... 4Rotation of Crankshaft (when seen from flywheel end) ... counterclockwiseRotation of Magneto (when seen from flywheel end) ... counterclockwiseFiring Order ... 1,4,9,8,5,2,11,10,3,6,7,12Combustion ... spark ignited Front end of engine is opposite to flywheel end.Left side and right side of engine are as seen from flywheel end.No. 1 cylinder is the front cylinder on the left side.No. 2 cylinder is the front cylinder on the right side.Ignition System
Solid State Magneto
Solid State Magneto
(1) Alternator section. (2) Electronic firing section.The magneto is made of a permanent magnet alternator section (1) and breaker less electronic firing section (2). There are no brushes or distributor contacts.
Cross Section Of Solid State Magneto (Altronic)
(3) Alternator. (4) Vent. (5) Speed reduction gears. (6) Pick-up coil. (7) Drive tang. (8) Energy storage capacitor. (9) Rotating timer arm. (10) SCR Solid state switch. (11) Output connector.The engine turns magneto drive tang (7). The drive tang turns alternator (3), speed reduction gears (5) and rotating timer arm (9). As the alternator is turned it provides power to charge energy storage capacitor (8). There are separate pick-up coils (6) and SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) solid state switches (10) for each engine cylinder. The timer arm passes over pick-up coils (6) in sequence. The pick-up coils turn on solid state switches (10) which release the energy stored in capacitor (8). This energy leaves the magneto through output connector (11). The energy travels through the wiring harness to the ignition coils where it is transformed to the high voltage needed to fire the spark plugs.Spark Plug Adapter
Spark Plug Adapter
(1) Adapter. (2) Seal. (3) Cylinder head.The spark plug adapter (1) is mounted in the cylinder head (3). Seal (2) stops any type of leakage between the adapter and the cylinder head. The adapter extends upward through a hole in the valve cover.Spark Plug And Transformer
Spark Plug And Transformer
(1) Transformer (Red). (2) Wire assembly. (3) Rubber boot (part of wire assembly). (4) Spark plug. (5) Seal.Transformer (1) is mounted on the valve cover. Wire assembly (2) is the high tension lead to ignite the spark plug (4). Rubber boot (3) is part of wire assembly (2). The boot forms a seal between the adapter and valve cover to keep dirt, water or other foreign material out of the adapter. Seal (5) prevents crankcase vapors and oil from entering the adapter. Wire assembly should not be painted.
Both the wire assembly (2) and seal (5) must be installed on all cylinders when running the engine. Failure to do this may allow a spark from the exposed wire assembly to ignite crankcase vapors. Engine damage could result.
Ignition Transformer
The ignition transformer causes an increase of the magneto voltage. This is needed to send a spark (impulse) across the electrodes of the spark plugs. For good operation, the connections (terminals) must be clean and tight. The negative transformer terminals, with (-) mark, for each transformer are connected together and to ground. The wiring diagrams show how all wires are to be connected to the plug connection at the magneto.Wiring Diagrams
G3408 Engine
(1) Spark plug. (2) Transformer. (3) Magneto plug connector.
G3412 Engine
(1) Spark plug. (2) Transformer. (3) Magneto plug connector.Gas, Air Inlet And Exhaust System
Gas, Air Inlet And Exhaust System With Turbocharger
(AA) Exhaust Gas. (BB) Air & Gas To Cylinders. (CC) Gas Supply. (DD) Low Pressure Gas. (EE) Air Inlet. (1) Gas pressure regulator. (2) Balance line. (3) Carburetor. (4) Air cleaner. (5) Turbocharger. (6) Gas supply. (7) Governor. (8) Aftercooler. (9) Air inlet manifold. (10) Cylinder. (11) Differential pressure regulator. (12) Exhaust manifold.In addition to components shown in the diagram, some installations have a shutoff valve attachment in the supply line for the gas. The valve is electrically operated from the ignition system and can also be manually operated to stop the engine. After the engine is stopped, manual setting is needed to start the engine.Engine installations using dual fuel have system components the same as illustrated above. In addition, dual fuel engines have a vacuum regulator and a load adjusting valve. These additional components permit an adjustment to be made for differences in BTU content of the gas being used. Dual fuel engines will switch from one fuel to another automatically, but engine timing must be adjusted manually at the time of switcher.Changes in engine load and fuel burnt cause changes in rpm of the turbine wheels and impellers of the turbocharger (5).When the turbocharger gives a pressure boost to the inlet air, the temperature of the air goes up. A water cooled aftercooler (8), is installed between the carburetor (3) and the air inlet manifold (9) to cylinders. The aftercooler causes a reduction of air temperature from the turbocharger.Aftercooler
The aftercooler is installed on the top of the inlet manifold. Water flow through the aftercooler, lowers the temperature of the inlet air from the turbocharger. With cooler air, an increase in weight of air will permit more fuel to burn. This gives an increase in power. The aftercooler can be changed to use sea water as the coolant.Valve System Components
The valve system components control the flow of inlet air and exhaust gases into and out of the cylinders during