20537030 Volvo.Penta Fuel pump

Engine Design
Type ... Four Cylinder, Four StrokeCombustion System ... Direct InjectionNominal Bore ... 98.43 mm (3.875 in)Stroke ... 127 mm (5 in)Cubic Capacity ... 3.86 liters (236 cu in)Compression Ratio 4.236 Engines ... 18 to 1C4.236 Engines ... 16 to 1Number and Arrangement of Cylinders (as seen from front of engine) ... 1-2-3-4Firing Order ... 1-3-4-2Rotation of crankshaft (as seen from front of engine) ... ClockwiseRotation of crankshaft (as seen from front of engine) ... ClockwiseThe left side and right side of engine are as seen from flywheel end. No. 1 cylinder is the front cylinder of the engine.Engine Serial Numbers
Engine Serial Number LocationThe engine serial number is located on the left hand side of the block above the fuel injection pump.For current engines, the first two characters of the serial number stand for the engine family and type. LD stands for a naturally aspirated 4.236 Engine. LH stands for a compensated (turbocharged) 4.236 Engine. The next five characters are the parts list number. The next single letter is the country of origin. The next set of numbers is the production serial number, and the last letter is the year of manufacture. Some new components and improvements have introduced on the 4.236 engine. If there is a difference in service or specifications, it is noted in this module. Engine numbers beginning with LD70179, LD70200, LD70201, LH70189, LH70202 or LH70213 will have the new components and improvements at first production. On 416 Backhoe Loader Engines (engine numbers beginning with LD70178), the engine cut-in serial numbers are given for the changes if available. Following are the numbers that are used in the Backhoe Loaders:LD70178, LD70200 (metric interfacing ... 416 with 4.236 engineLD70179, LD70201 (metric interfacing) ... 426 and 428 with 4.236 engineLH70189, LH70202 (metric interfacing) ... 416, 426 and 428 with C4.236 engineLH70213 (metric interfacing) ... 436 and 438 with 4.236 engineFuel System
Basic Fuel System Diagram
(1) Fuel injectors (atomisers). (2) Fuel return line from injectors. (3) Fuel filter. (4) Fuel return line to tank. (5) Tee. (6) Fuel return line from fuel injection pump. (7) Fuel supply line to injection pump. (8) Fuel lift pump. (9) Water separator. (10) Fuel injection pump. (11) High pressure fuel lines. (12) Fuel tank.When the engine is turning, fuel is pulled from fuel tank (12) through water separator (9) by fuel lift pump (8). When the fuel goes through the water separator, any water in the fuel will go to bottom of the bowl. The fuel lift pump sends the fuel at low pressure to fuel filter (3). From the fuel filter, the fuel goes through line (7) to fuel injection pump (10). The fuel injection pump sends high pressure fuel through lines (11) to each fuel injector (1), and the fuel injector sprays fuel into the cylinder. Fuel not used by the injection pump goes through line (6) to tee (5) and through line (4) back to fuel tank (12). There is a controlled flow valve installed in the fuel return fitting of the fuel injection pump to prevent fuel from going back into the fuel pump from the return line.Leakage from the fuel injectors flows through line (2) to the top of fuel filter (3). Return fuel flows from injectors (1), fuel filter (3) to tee (5) and through line (4) back to fuel tank (12).High pressure fuel lines (11) are connected to pressurizer valves at high pressure outlets 1, 3 and 4 of the fuel injection pump. The check valves keep pressurized fuel in the line. This fuel is so there will be no delay of the start of injection. The number 2 high pressure outlet does not have a pressurizer valve. This is to aid in hot starts.The fuel injection pump needs fuel for lubrication. The precision parts of the pump are easily damaged. The system must be primed any time any part of the system is drained of fuel. For example, when the fuel filter is changed or a fuel line is removed, the inspection cover on the fuel injection pump is removed to check timing, or the injection pump is removed for service or repair, the fuel system must be primed (air removed).
Fuel System Components (Left Side)
(1) Fuel injector. (2) Fuel return line from injectors. (3) Fuel filter. (5) Tee. (6) Fuel return line from fuel injection pump. (7) Fuel supply line to fuel injection pump. (10) Fuel injection pump. (11) High pressure fuel lines.
Fuel System Components (Right Side)
(8) Fuel lift pump. (9) Water separator.There is a small screen in fuel lift pump (8). The pump also has a lever to prime the fuel system (remove the air).Fuel Injector Operation
Fuel Injector
(1) Fuel inlet from fuel injection pump. (3) Outlet for return fuel (leakage). (5) Compression spring. (6) Body. (8) Nozzle cap nut. (9) Needle valve. (10) Nozzle. (11) Orifices (four).Fuel, under high pressure from the fuel injection pump, goes through the hole in fuel inlet (1). The fuel then goes around needle valve (9), fills the inside of nozzle (10) with fuel and pushes against valve (9) and compression spring (5). When the force made by the pressure of the fuel is more than the force of spring (5), valve (9) will lift. When needle valve (9) lifts, fuel under high pressure will go through four orifices (11) into the cylinder. When the fuel is sent to the cylinder, the force made by the pressure of the fuel in the nozzle body will become less. The force of spring (5) will then be more than the force of the pressure of the fuel in the nozzle body. Valve (9) will move quickly to the closed position.Needle valve (9) is a close fit with the inside of the nozzle and makes a positive seal for the valve.When the fuel is sent to the cylinder, a small quantity of fuel will leak by the valve guide. This fuel gives lubrication to the moving parts of the fuel injection nozzle. This fuel then goes