21493555 Volvo.Penta Heat shield

Exhaust Smoke Can Be Seen While Starting (Go to Step 1)
Probable Cause(s):* Cold Outside Temperatures* Slow Cranking Speed* Air In Fuel System* Poor Quality Fuel* Low Fuel Pressure* Fuel Injection Pump Timing Not Correct* Valve Lash Adjustment Not Correct* Defective Fuel Injection Nozzle(s)* Low CompressionExhaust Smoke Cannot Be Seen While Starting (Go to Step 10)
Probable Cause(s):* No Fuel In Tank(s)* No Fuel From Lift Pump* No Fuel To Fuel Injection Nozzle(s)* Exhaust System Not Open1. Cold outside temperature: It may be necessary to use starting aids, or to heat engine oil or coolant at temperature below 10°C (50°F).2. Slow cranking speed: Cranking speed must be at least 100 rpm. Check the condition of the starting system.3. Air in the fuel system: With air in the fuel system the engine will normally be difficult to start, run rough and release a large amount of white smoke. To remove the air from the fuel system, loosen the return line to the fuel tank and put 35 kPa (5 psi) of air pressure to the fuel tank.
Do not use more than 55 kPa (8 psi) of air pressure in the fuel tank or damage to the tank may result.
Check for leaks at the connections between the fuel tank and the fuel lift pump. If leaks are found, tighten the connections or replace the lines. If there are no visual leaks, remove the fuel supply line from the tank and connect to an outside fuel supply. If this corrects the problem, the suction (standpipe) inside of the fuel tank has a leak.4. Poor quality fuel: Remove a small amount of fuel from the tank and check for water in the fuel. If there is water in the fuel, remove fuel from the tank until the tank is free of water. Change the fuel filter and fill the fuel tank with a good quality fuel. The fuel lift pump may be used to fill the fuel filter from the fuel tank before the engine is started. If there is no water in the fuel, start the engine by using an outside source of fuel. If engine starts correctly using different fuel, remove all fuel from the tank and fill with a good quality fuel.5. Low fuel pressure: At starting rpm, the minimum fuel pressure for the fuel lift pump must be 30 kPa (4 psi) with clean fuel filters. If the fuel pressure is less than 30 kPa (4 psi), look for air in the fuel system. (If fuel in the fuel tank cannot be checked for air, install a sight tube in the fuel return line). If the fuel pressure is still low, check the fuel lift pump for correct operation.6. Fuel injection pump timing not correct: Check and make necessary adjustments. Refer to Systems Operation, Testing & Adjusting, SENR1118.7. Valve lash adjustment not correct: Check and make necessary adjustments. Refer to Systems Operation, Testing & Adjusting, SENR1118. Inlet valve lash is 0.20 mm (.008 in) and exhaust valve lash is 0.45 mm (.018 in)8. Defective fuel injection nozzle(s): Remove the fuel injection nozzle(s) and test. Refer to Systems Operation, Testing & Adjusting, SENR1118.9. Low compression: Refer to Problem No. 4, Engine Misfiring Or Running Rough.Exhaust Smoke Cannot Be Seen While Starting
Probable Cause(s):10. No fuel in tank(s): Check fuel level visually (do not use the fuel gauge only). Be sure tank selection valve is open to the tank with fuel in it. Be sure valve in fuel line between the tanks is open.11. No fuel from fuel lift pump: Loosen the fuel line from the fuel filter to the rear of the cylinder head. With ignition switch in the RUN position and accelerator in the "FUEL ON" position, turn the engine with the starter to be sure there is no fuel from the fuel lift pump. To find the cause for no fuel, follow Steps (a) through (d) until the problem is corrected.a. The fuel priming pump (if equipped) may be used to fill the fuel filter, from the fuel tank before the engine is started.b. Check shutoff solenoid by turning ignition switch to the RUN position. You must hear a sound when the plunger opens. If no sound is heard, make sure there is battery voltage at the solenoid. If the solenoid does not work, install a new solenoid.c. If you are not using a good quality of fuel at temperatures below -12°C (10°), it is possible that the fuel in the system can "wax" (not have correct flow characteristics) and cause a restriction in the fuel system. Install a new fuel filter. It may be necessary to drain th