3827868 Volvo.Penta Heat shield

Problem 1: Engine Crankshaft Will Not Turn When Ignition Switch Is On.
Engine Crankshaft Will Not Turn When Ignition Switch Is On Probable Cause(s):1. Low or no battery voltage: Check battery voltage. If battery voltage is less than 8 volts for a 12 volt system, or 16 volts for a 24 volt system, put a charge on the battery. If battery will not hold a charge, load test the battery as shown in the Electrical System of the Testing And Adjusting Section of this Service Manual.2. Defective switch, defective wiring or connection in switch circuit: With ignition switch in the "START" position, check voltage at switch connection on starter solenoid. If there is no voltage, or if the voltage is low at this connection and there is good voltage at the battery, check for a defective cable or connection between the battery and the starter.3. Defective cable or connection (battery to starter) With ignition switch in the "START" position, check voltage at connection of battery cable to starter. If there is no voltage, or if the voltage is low at this connection and there is good voltage at the battery, check for a defective cable or connection between the battery and the starter.4. Defective starter solenoid: Remove and repair or replace a solenoid which does not work when voltage is correct at both the battery and ignition switches connections.5. Defective starter motor: If the solenoid works and the starter motor does not turn the crankshaft, the starter motor is defective. Before removing the starter motor, turn the crankshaft by hand to be sure a mechanical failure inside the engine, transmission, or power take-off is not preventing the crankshaft from turning. If the crankshaft turns freely by hand, engage the starter motor again. If the starter motor still will not work, remove the starter motor. Repair or replace the starter motor.6. Transmission or power take-off (if equipped) problem prevents crankshaft from turning: If the crankshaft cannot be turned by hand, disconnect the transmission and the power take-off. If the crankshaft will now turn, find the cause of the problem in the transmission or power take-off and make necessary corrections.7. Inside problem prevents crankshaft from turning: If the crankshaft cannot be turned after disconnecting the transmission and/or the power take-off, remove the fuel nozzles and check for fluid in the cylinders while turning the crankshaft. If fluid in the cylinders is not the problem, the engine must be disassembled to check for other internal problems. Some of the possible problems are bearing seizure, piston seizure, and valves making contact with the pistons.Problem 2: Engine Hard To Or Will Not Start.
Engine Hard To Or Will Not Start Engine Crankshaft Turns Too Slowly.
Probable Cause(s):1. Low battery voltage: Check battery voltage. If battery voltage is less than 8 volts for a 12 volt system, or 16 volts for a 24 volt system, put a charge on the battery. If battery will not hold a charge, load test the battery as shown in the Electrical System of the Testing And Adjusting Section of this Service Manual.2. Defective cable or connection (battery to starter) With ignition switch in the "START" position, check voltage at connection of battery cable to starter. If there is no voltage, or if the voltage is low at this connection and there is good voltage at the battery, check for a defective cable or connection between the battery and the starter.3. Oil too thick for free crankshaft rotation: Use the recommended Lubrication Viscosities as found in the Operation And Maintenance Guide.4. Defective starter motor: Remove and test starter motor. Make repairs as necessary or install a new starter motor.5. Extra outside loads: Damage to the power take-off equipment (if equipped) and/or transmission can put extra load on the engine. This prevents free rotation of the crankshaft. To check, disconnect the transmission and power take-off, and start the engine.6. Mechanical problem inside engine: Take the engine apart and check all components for damage.Problem 3: Engine Hard To Or Will Not Start. Engine Crankshaft Turns Freely
Engine Hard To Or Will Not Start Exhaust Smoke Can Be Seen While Starting
Probable Cause(s):1. Cold outside temperature: It may be necessary to use starting aids, or to heat engine oil or coolant at temperature below 10 °C (50 °F).2. Slow cranking speed: Cranking speed must be at least 100 rpm. Check the condition of the starting system.3. Air in the fuel system: With air in the fuel system the engine will normally be difficult to start, run rough and release a large amount of white smoke. To remove the air from the fuel system, loosen the return line to the fuel tank and put 35 kPa (5 psi) of air pressure to the fuel tank.
Do not use more than 55 kPa (8 psi) of air pressure in the fuel tank or damage to the tank may result.
Check for leaks at the connections between the fuel tank and the transfer pump. If leaks are found, tighten the connections or replace the lines. If there are no visual leaks, remove the fuel supply line from the tank and connect to an outside fuel supply. If this corrects the problem, the suction (standpipe) inside of the fuel tank has a leak.4. Low quality fuel: Remove a small amount of fuel from the tank and check for water in the fuel. If there is water in the fuel, remove fuel from the tank until the tank is free of water. Change the fuel filter and fill the fuel tank with a good quality fuel. The fuel priming pump (if equipped) may be used to fill the fuel filter and fuel gallery (in the cylinder head), from the fuel tank before the engine is started. If there is no water in the fuel, start the engine by using an outside source of fuel. If engine starts correctly using different fuel, remove all fuel from the tank and fill with a good quality fuel.5. Low fuel pressure: At starting rpm, the minimum fuel pressure