20441521 Volvo.Penta Hexagon nut

Idling
Idle speed is adjustable on Caterpillar electronic engines. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for information. The idle rpm is preset at 600 rpm.Avoid excess idling. If the vehicle is parked for more than five minutes, stop the engine. An engine can burn from 2.8 L (.7 US gal) to 5.7 L (1.5 US gal) of fuel per hour while the engine is idling. Excessive idling can cause carbon buildup and/or excessive idling can cause the engine to slobber. This is harmful to the engine.If extended idle time is required, control the engine rpm to 1000 rpm or above 1000 rpm. Ensure that the coolant temperature exceeds 82° C (180° F). Consult your Caterpillar dealer for assistance.Fast idle can be programmed within the range of 700 rpm to the top engine limit. Fast idle requires an "ON/OFF" switch on the dashboard. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for assistance.Idle Shutdown Timer
The idle shutdown timer can be programmed in order to shut down the engine after a specific time period of idling. The idle time can be programmed from three minutes to 1440 minutes (24 hours). If the idle shutdown timer is set to 0 minutes, the idle shutdown feature is disabled. If the setting of the timer is unknown, allow the engine to idle. Observe the time that elapses before the engine shuts down. The following conditions must be met in order to activate the idle shutdown timer:
The idle shutdown feature must be selected.
No vehicle speed is detected by the Electronic Control Module (ECM).
The engine is not under load.
The engine is at operating temperature. The engine is not in Cold Mode.After the vehicle is stationary, the idle shutdown timer begins. The engine can be operating at low idle or at an idle rpm that is selected by the idle governor. The "CHECK ENGINE/DIAGNOSTIC" lamp will flash rapidly for 90 seconds prior to shutdown. Movement of the vehicle automatically resets the idle shutdown timer to the programmed setting.The following conditions must be met in order to override the idle shutdown timer:
Program the "ALLOW IDLE SHUTDOWN OVERRIDE" to "YES".
The "CHECK ENGINE/DIAGNOSTIC" lamp will flash rapidly for 90 seconds prior to shutdown. Depress the service brake or the clutch pedal during the 90 seconds when the "CHECK ENGINE/DIAGNOSTIC" lamp flashes.After an idle shutdown, the engine can be restarted without turning the ignition switch to the OFF position.The override function is disabled if the "ALLOW IDLE SHUTDOWN OVERRIDE" is programmed to "NO".Cold Mode Operation
Cold mode is initiated if the coolant temperature is below 28° C (82° F). Engine power is decreased until the coolant temperature reaches the above value. In cold mode, the idle is 800 rpm for the C-10 and the C-12. In cold mode, the idle is 600 rpm for the 3406E. The strategy for cold mode provides reduced smoke emission and faster warm-up time.After the cold mode is completed, the engine should be operated at low rpm and low load until normal operating temperature is reached. The engine will reach normal operating temperature faster when the engine is operated at low rpm and low power demand. This method is faster than trying to reach operating temperature by idling with no load.
It is not recommended that the vehicle be moved until the engine is out of cold mode. Power may be noticeably reduced if the vehicle is operated while the engine is in cold mode. At a speed above 8 km/h (5 mph), the low idle speed will be reduced to the customer programmed low idle speed. The power will still be reduced.
Cold mode is disabled if the throttle, the service brake, or the clutch (if equipped) is depressed. The rpm for cold mode operation drops to the programmed low idle speed in order to allow the transmission to be put into gear.Getting Started
Caterpillar electronic engines do not require long warm-up periods that needlessly waste fuel. Typically, the engine should be at normal operating temperature in a few minutes. Begin operating the engine at low load. After normal oil pressure is reached and the temperature gauges begin to rise, the engine may be operated at full load.To get the vehicle in motion, use a gear that will result in a smooth start. Move the load without increasing the engine rpm above low idle or without slipping the clutch. Engage the clutch smoothly. Slipping the clutch and engaging the clutch can cause stress to occur on the drive train. This can also cause fuel to be wasted.Use progressive shifting techniques. Progressive shifting is using only the rpm that is required in order to upshift into the next gear. Progressive shifting improves fuel economy.
Keep the engine rpm to a minimum. Use an rpm that is from 1200 to 1600 rpm.
Use only enough rpm to pick up the next gear.Progressive shifting also reduces the acceleration rate. Top gear is reached sooner because less time is needed to synchronize the gears during shifting. In addition, the engine is operating at the highest range of torque.The amount of rpm that is required to upshift increases as the vehicle speed increases, unless upshifts are made on upgrades. Experience with the vehicle will show the amount of rpm that is required to upshift under various conditions.Note: These engines may be programmed to encourage progressive shifting. The acceleration rate may slow down at certain rpm in lower gears. If this occurs, progressive shift parameters may have been programmed into the ECM. Progressive shift parameters will limit the rpm when the vehicle is driven in higher gears. These parameters are protected by customer passwords. If the vehicle can be operated in a higher gear at a vehicle speed that is desired, select the highest gear that is available to pull the load. This recommendation will help to obtain fuel economy. The engine will be operating at the lowest rpm that is required to pull the load.Vehicle Efficiency
An efficient vehicle performs the desired amount of work while the power demand on the engine is minimized. The following factors are major contributors to power demand:
Aerodynamic