955554 Volvo.Penta Hexagon screw

CYLINDER, VALVE AND INJECTION PUMP LOCATIONBore ... 5.40 in.(137.2 mm)Stroke ... 6.00 in.(152.4 mm)Number and Arrangement of Cylinders ... V-8Firing Order (Injection Sequence) ... 1, 8, 4, 3, 6, 5, 7, 2Rotation of Crankshaft (when seen from flywheel end) ... counterclockwiseRotation of Fuel Pump Camshaft (when seen from pump drive end) ... counterclockwise Front end of engine is opposite to flywheel end. Left side and right side of engine are as seen from flywheel end.No. 1 cylinder is the front cylinder on the left side.No. 2 cylinder is the front cylinder on the right side.Fuel System
This engine has a pressure type fuel system. There is one injection pump and one injection nozzle for each cylinder. The injection pumps are in the pump housing (3) on top front of the engine. Fuel injection nozzles (A) are in the precombustion chambers or adapters (for engines with direct injection) under the valve covers.Fuel transfer pump (8) pulls fuel from fuel tank (5) through primary filter (7), and sends it through priming pump (9), main filter (10) and to the manifold of injection pump housing (3). The fuel in the manifold of the injection pump housing goes to the injection pumps. The injection pumps are in time with the engine and send fuel to the injection nozzles under high pressure.
FUEL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC
1. Fuel inlet line for the injection pump housing. 2. Adapter with orifice. 3. Injection pump housing. 4. Fuel return line. 5. Fuel tank. 6. Fuel supply lines. 7. Primary fuel filter. 8. Fuel transfer pump. 9. Fuel priming pump. 10. Main fuel filter. A. Fuel injection nozzles.Some of the fuel in the manifold is constantly sent back through the return line (4) to the fuel tank to remove air from the system and to help cool the fuel in the injection pump housing. On the outlet elbow of the injection pump there is a restriction orifice (2) to keep fuel pressure high and to control the amount of fuel that goes back to the fuel tank.The priming pump (9) is used to fill the system with fuel and to remove air from the fuel filter, fuel lines and components.The transfer pump has a bypass valve and a check valve. The bypass valve (lower side) controls the maximum pressure of the fuel. The extra fuel goes to the inlet of the pump. The check valve lets fuel from the tank go past the transfer pump gears when the priming pump is used.
LOCATION OF FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
1. Fuel inlet line. 2. Adapter with orifice. 3. Injection pump housing. 4. Fuel return line. 8. Fuel transfer pump.Fuel Injection Pump Operation
Injection pump plungers (4) and lifters (8) are lifted by cams on camshaft (11) and always make a full stroke. The force of springs (5) hold the lifters (8) against the cams of the camshaft.The pump housing is in a "V" shape (similar to the engine cylinder block), with four pumps on each side.Fuel from fuel manifolds (1) goes through inlet passage (2) in the barrel and then into the chamber above plunger (4). During injection, the camshaft cam moves plunger (4) up in the barrel. This movement will close inlet passage (2) and push the fuel out through the fuel lines to the injection valves.The amount of fuel sent to the injection valves is controlled by turning pump plunger (4) with the fuel racks. This rotation of the plunger, due to the design of the relief passage, makes it possible to change the time that the inlet passage is closed. The longer period of time that the inlet passage is closed increases the amount of fuel sent to the injection valves.
CROSS SECTION OF THE HOUSING FOR THE FUEL INJECTION PUMPS
1. Fuel manifold. 2. Inlet passage in pump barrel. 3. Check valve. 4. Pump plunger. 5. Spring. 6. Gear. 7. Fuel rack. 8. Lifter. 9. Link. 10. Lever. 11. Camshaft.The governor is connected to one of the fuel racks (7). The two fuel racks are connected through link (9), and they move in opposite directions (when one rack moves in, the other rack moves out). When the governor moves the fuel racks, the fuel racks move gears (6) that are fastened to the bottom of plungers (4). This causes a rotation of the plungers.A spring load on lever (10) removes the play between the fuel racks and link (9). On earlier models (before air-fuel ratio control was moved to top of governor), the air-fuel ratio control was also connected to lever (10).Fuel Injection Valves
Fuel, under high pressure from the injection pumps, is sent through the injection valves. The injection valves change the fuel to the correct fuel characteristic (spray pattern) for good combustion in the cylinders.The fuel injection valves are installed in the precombustion chambers in engines equipped with precombustion chambers. An adapter takes the place of the precombustion chamber in engines equipped with direct injection. The precombustion chambers or adapters are installed in the cylinder heads.Hydra-Mechanical Governor
The earlier and later governors illustrated operate the same. The earlier governors have two levers (18) and the later governors have a one piece lever (18). The shut-off solenoid and air-fuel ratio control have been moved from the injection pump housing to the governor housing on the later governors.The accelerator pedal, or governor control, is connected to the control lever on the engine governor. The governor controls the amount of fuel needed to keep the desired engine rpm.
HYDRA-MECHANICAL GOVERNOR (LATER)
1. Collar. 2. Bolt. 3. Lever assembly. 4. Upper spring seat. 5. Weights. 6. Governor spring. 7. Lower spring seat. 8. Thrust bearing. 9. Valve. 10. Upper oil passage in piston. 11. Piston. 12. Lower oil passage in piston. 13. Sleeve. 14. Oil passage in cylinder. 15. Drive assembly. 16. Cylinder. 17. Pin. 18. Lever.The governor has governor weights (5) driven by the engine through the drive assembly (15). The governor has a governor spring (6), valve (9) and piston (11). The valve and piston are connected to one fuel rack through pin (17) and levers (18). The