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Engine Specifications
Note: The front end of the engine is opposite the flywheel end of the engine. The left and the right sides of the engine are determined from the flywheel end. The number 1 cylinder is the front cylinder.
Illustration 1 g00609479
Cylinder and valve location
(A) Exhaust valve
(B) Inlet valve
Table 1
C9 Engine Specifications
Arrangement and Cylinders In-Line 6-cylinder
Bore 112.0 mm (4.41 inch)
Stroke 149.0 mm (5.87 inch)
Aspiration ATAAC
Displacement 8.8 L (537 in3)
Firing Order 1-5-3-6-2-4
Rotation (flywheel end) Counterclockwise Electronic Engine Features
The Cat C9 Engine is designed for electronic controls. The integral on board computer controls the operation of the engine. Current operating conditions are monitored. The Electronic Control Module (ECM) controls the response of the engine to these conditions and to the demands of the operator. These conditions and operator demands determine the precise control of fuel injection by the ECM. The electronic engine control system provides the following features:
Engine speed governor
Automatic air/fuel ratio control
Torque rise shaping
Injection timing control
System diagnosticsFor more information on electronic engine features, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Engine Diagnostics" topic.Additional Features
The following additional features provide increased engine fuel economy and serviceability:
Cold starting capability
Tampering detection
DiagnosticsHydraulic Electronic Unit Injectors
Hydraulically Actuated Electronic Unit Injectors (HEUI) perform the following functions:
Pump the fuel.
Meter the fuel.
Time the fuel injection.The unit injectors are controlled by the ECM which uses the camshaft position, the engine speed signals, and the inlet air pressure sensors. The rated rpm is identified on the information plate.Engine Diagnostics
The engine has built-in diagnostics in order to ensure that all of the components are functioning properly. In the event of a deviation from the programmed limits, the operator will be alerted to the condition by a "DIAGNOSTIC" lamp. Under certain conditions, the engine horsepower and the vehicle speed may be limited. A Cat electronic service tool may be used to display the diagnostic code.There are three types of diagnostic codes: active, logged and event.Most of the diagnostic codes are logged and stored in the ECM. For additional information, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Engine Diagnostics" topic.The ECM provides an electronic governor that controls the injector output in order to maintain the desired engine rpm. The functionality of electronic governor is similar to the Cat mechanical governor, but the electronic governor includes additional features.Engine Cooling and Lubrication
The cooling system consists of the following components:
Centrifugal pump that is driven by belts
Water temperature regulator which regulates the engine coolant temperature
Oil cooler and radiator which incorporates a shunt systemThe engine lubricating oil that is supplied is cooled. The engine lubricating oil is also filtered. Bypass valves provide unrestricted flow of lubrication oil to the engine components during the following conditions:
High oil viscosity
Plugged oil cooler or plugged oil filter elements (paper cartridge)Engine Service Life
Engine efficiency and maximum utilization of engine performance depend on the adherence to proper operation and maintenance recommendations. In addition, use recommended fuels, coolants, and lubricants. Use the Operation and Maintenance Manual as a guide for required engine maintenance.Expected engine life is generally predicted by the average power that is demanded. The average power that is demanded is based on fuel consumption of the engine over a time. Reduced hours of operation at full throttle and/or operating at reduced throttle settings result in a lower average power demand. Reduced hours of operation will increase the length of operating time before an engine overhaul is required. For more information, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Overhaul Considerations" topic.Aftermarket Products and Cat Engines
Caterpillar requires the use of a 4 micron(c) secondary fuel filter for the following reasons: to maximize fuel system life and to prevent premature wear out from abrasive particles in the fuel. Cat high efficiency fuel filters meet these requirements. Consult your Cat dealer for the proper part numbers.
The use of auxiliary devices, accessories, or consumables (filters, additives, catalysts, etc.) which are made by other manufacturers on Cat products do not automatically affect the Caterpillar warranty.However, failures that result from the installation or use of devices, accessories, or consumables from other manufacturers are NOT Caterpillar defects. Therefore, the defects are NOT covered under the Caterpillar warranty.Welding and Cat Electronic Engines
Because the strength of the frame may decrease, some manufacturers do not recommend welding onto a chassis frame or rail. Consult the OEM of the equipment or your Cat dealer regarding welding on a chassis frame or rail.
To help avoid damage to the electronic controls, proper welding procedures are necessary. Before welding on an engine that is equipped with an electronic engine, observe the following precautions:
Turn off the engine. Place the key start switch in the OFF position.
If the machine has a battery disconnect switch, open the switch. Otherwise, disconnect the negative "-" battery cable from the battery of the vehicle.
Do not ground the welder to electrical components such as the ECM or sensors. Improper grounding can cause damage to the drive train bearings, hydraulic components, electrical components, and other components.Clamp the ground cable from the welder to the component that will be welded. Place the clamp as close as possible to the weld. This will help reduce the possibility of damage.
Clamp the ground cable from the welder to the component that will be welded. Place the clamp as close as possible to t