479464 Volvo.Penta Hollow screw, cylinder block

1. Engine Will Not Start2. Engine Starts, Runs For a Few Moments, Then Stops3. Engine Misfiring or Running Rough4. Engine Runs Evenly, but Has Loss of Power5. Engine Does Not Have Enough Power6. Too Much Vibration7. Loud Combustion Noise (Sound)8. Loud Noise (Clicking) from Valve Compartment9. Oil in Cooling System10. Mechanical Noise (Knock) in Engine11. Little Movement of Rocker Arm and Too Much Valve Clearance12. Valve Spring Lock (Collet) Is Free13. Oil at the Exhaust14. Little or No Valve Clearance15. Engine Has Early Wear16. Coolant in Lubrication Oil17. Too Much Black or Gray Smoke18. Too Much White or Blue Smoke19. Engine Has Low Oil Pressure20. Engine Uses Too Much Lubrication Oil21. Engine Coolant Is Too Hot22. Exhaust Temperature Is Too High23. Troubleshooting Chart - Cooling SystemEngine Will Not Start Engine Starts, Runs For A Few Moments Then Stops Engine Misfiring Or Running Rough Engine Runs Evenly But Has Loss Of Power Engine Does Not Have Enough Power Too Much Vibration Loud Combustion Noise Loud Noise (Clicking) From Valve Compartment Oil In Cooling System Mechanical Noise (Knock) In Engine Little Movement Of Rocker Arm And Too Much Valve Clearance Valve Spring Lock Is Free Oil At The Exhaust Little Or No Valve Clearance Engine Has Early Wear Coolant In Lubrication Oil Too Much Black Or Dark Gray Smoke Too Much White Or Blue Smoke Engine Has Low Oil Pressure Engine Uses Too Much Lubrication Oil Engine Coolant Is Too Hot Exhaust Temperature Is Too High Fuel System
Cold Start Heater Tests
Basic Checks
A characteristic of the cold start heater is that the heater coil often appears wet. This happens because the diesel fuel does not burn completely and has the appearance that leakage exists. This condition is normal and should not be taken as an indication the ball valve has fuel leakage. If necessary, do the Leakage Test.Check the heater operation by checking that the inlet manifold is warm to the touch near the heater after approximately 10 seconds of operation.Check that the fuel tank and plumbing to the heater unit do not have leakage of fuel.Check fuel shutoff valve for correct operation. A poor seal can cause air to enter the system which will cause extra cranking of the engine before starting. Be sure all fuel connections are tight and not leaking air.Be sure the battery condition and state of charge is satisfactory, and all electrical connections are tight. A discharged battery or loose connection can cause reduced voltage at the starter motor terminals (slow cranking) or failure of the heater unit to be activated.
Do not operate the cold start heater too long at each time. Normal operation too long can cause components to get too hot and cause damage.
Leakage Test
Remove the cold start heater from the inlet manifold. Connect an air supply of 140 kPa (20 psi) maximum to the fuel inlet passage.
Do not use air with more pressure than 140 kPa (20 psi) or damage can be caused to the heating element.
Put the cold start heater in a container of clean diesel fuel for 10 seconds. No air bubbles should be visible from the cold start heater.If a leakage is shown, install a new unit. Remove the fuel from the unit after the test. Let the fuel drain off freely.Electrical Test
1. Disconnect the wire from the cold start heater.2. Connect the clamp lead of a 5P7277 Voltage Tester to a good clean ground connection.3. Connect the probe end of the tester to the disconnected wire. Turn the ignition switch to the HEAT position.4. The light of the tester must light to indicate correct electrical continuity and connections to the unit.5. To check the current draw: Connect an ammeter in series with the supply line. Operate as normal starting and make note of the current draw indication. The current draw is 16 to 18 amperes at 12 volts. If a cold engine fails to start after the heater coil has operated for 20 seconds and the unit and the area of inlet manifold around the unit is warm, either the starting procedure has not been done correctly or the fault is other than the unit.
COLD START HEATERFuel System Bleeding Procedure
A hand primer is also a function of the fuel transfer pump. The hand primer is used to fill the fuel system and filters and to bleed air from the fuel system after filters are serviced, fuel lines have been disconnected, or after running out of fuel. Check valves in the primer body prevent fuel from draining out of the system while engine is not running.
No attempt should be made to start the engine until the fuel injection pump has been filled with fuel and air removed from the system, or serious damage can be caused to the fuel injection pump.
When any type of service work is to be done on the fuel system, move the machine to a safe and clea