950380 Volvo.Penta Lock nut

Fuel Injection Nozzles
Test/Exchange
Fuel nozzles are subject to tip wear as a result of fuel contamination. This damage can cause an increase in fuel consumption, the engine to emit black smoke, misfire or run rough. Inspect, test and replace if necessary. Fuel nozzles can be tested by an authorized Caterpillar engine dealer.Whenever the engine performs in such a manner that a fuel injection nozzle is suspected of causing irregular running, smoking or knocking, isolate each fuel injection nozzle, one at a time, to determine the malfunctioning nozzle. For complete fuel injection nozzle testing and cleaning, consult your Caterpillar dealer. Refer to to Special Instruction SEHS7292 for the use of the 8S2245 Nozzle Cleaning Kit to clean the nozzles. 1. Start the engine by following the procedure in the Engine Starting topic in this manual.
Do NOT loosen nuts at the top of fuel nozzles or let top of fuel nozzles turn when the fuel lines are loosened. The nozzles will be damaged if the top of the nozzle turns in the body when the fuel lines are loosened.The engine will be damaged if a defective fuel injection nozzle is used because of the shape of fuel (spray pattern) that comes out of the nozzles will not be correct.
2. Loosen the fuel injection line nut at the fuel pump, one at a time, with the engine running. Use a cloth or similar material to prevent fuel from spraying on hot exhaust component. Be sure to tighten each fuel line nut after the test, before the next fuel line nut is loosened. 3. When a cylinder is found where the loosened fuel line nut does not make a difference in engine performance or smoking, have that cylinder injection nozzle tested. Purge the fuel lines of air. 4. Check for any fuel leaks. Stop the engine by following the procedure in the Engine Stopping topic in this manual and correct any fuel leaks that may occur. To Remove and Install Injection Nozzles
Special tooling is required. Refer to the Service Manual for your engine to remove and install injection nozzles or contact your Caterpillar dealer for assistance.Starting Motor and Alternator
Inspect for Proper Operation
Electric Starting Motor
AlternatorFor good life of the air starting motor, the air supply should be free of dirt and water. A lubricator should be used with the starting system. Use 10 weight non-detergent engine oil above 0°C (32°F) or diesel fuel at temperatures below 0°C (32°F). See the Lubricant Specifications for the proper oil to use.One unscheduled failure caused by any of these components will cost more in downtime than maintaining them before failure. The cost incurred to maintain these components before failure as recommended could be significantly less than if the component fails. By maintaining these components before failure, unscheduled downtime and potential damage to other engine parts are reduced. The prevention of unscheduled downtime saves money and lowers operating costs.Caterpillar recommends that the most cost effective method of operation and maintenance for these components is to inspect the unit before it fails and make the decision to rebuild or exchange the components.Before deciding which repair method is best, make sure all of the options and costs associated with repair have been considered. Some considerations are:* The costs associated with using separate parts from inventory versus the cost of a repair kit.* Downtime costs while the product is being rebuilt or repaired.* Total parts and labor costs for repairs versus the actual Remanufactured cost.* Remanufactured components from Caterpillar (if available) are covered by a standard, factory warranty.Caterpillar Recommendation
To minimize downtime, Caterpillar recommends that the use of Remanufactured components (subject to availability) is the most cost effective option.Removal and Installation
Refer to the established procedure in the Service Manual for this engine to Remove and Install these components or contact your Caterpillar dealer for assistance.Turbochargers
Rebuild or Exchange
The cost incurred to maintain your turbochargers before failure as recommended could be significantly less than if you wait until your turbocharger fails. By maintaining your turbochargers before failure, you will minimize unscheduled downtime and reduce the chances for potential damage to other engine parts. If you choose to operate your engine until the turbochargers fail, your repair costs could be as much as twenty-five times or more compared to the repair before failure cost. This excessive cost is due to additional engine damage that could have been prevented.For example: severe damage to the turbocharger compressor wheel could cause parts from the compressor wheel to enter the engine cylinder that could result in cracks in the cylinder head and cause additional damage to the piston, a piston seizure or other potential damage to valves and cylinder head.Our recommended maintenance intervals for performing preventive maintenance on your turbocharger are based on experience and gathered data relative to the expectant life of the engine and its components. Failure to follow the recommendations could result in unexpected, costly repairs and unscheduled downtime.Caterpillar recommends that the most cost effective method for the turbocharger is to rebuild or exchange the unit before it fails.Before deciding which repair method is best, make sure you have considered all of the options and costs associated with repair. Some considerations are:* The costs associated with using separate parts from inventory versus the cost of a repair kit.* Downtime costs while the product is being rebuilt or repaired.* Total parts and labor costs for repairs versus the actual Remanufactured cost.* Remanufactured components from Caterpillar are covered by a national factory warranty.Caterpillar Recommendation
To minimize downtime, Caterpillar recommends the use of a Remanufactured turbocharger. There are two levels of pricing for Remanufactured turbochargers. The first level is primarily based on damage to the turbocharger before failure. The second level is primarily based on damage to the turbocharger after failure. Refer to the Service Manual for your engine to remove and install the turbocharger.Water Pump
Rebuild or Exchange
All water pumps require periodic maintenance. By maintaining the water pump before failure, unscheduled downtime will be minimized and the chances for potential damage to other engine parts