977677 Volvo.Penta Nipple

Engine Design
3408C
Cylinder, Valve And Injection Pump LocationNumber And Arrangement Of Cylinders ... 65 degree V-8Valves Per Cylinder ... 4Displacement ... 18.0 liters (1099 cu in)Bore ... 137.2 mm (5.40 in)Stroke ... 152.4 mm (6.00 in)Compression Ratio ... 14.5:1Type Of Combustion ... Direct InjectionDirection Of Crankshaft Rotation (as viewed from flywheel end) ... CounterclockwiseDirection Of Fuel Pump Camshaft Rotation (as viewed from pump drive end) ... CounterclockwiseFiring Order (Injection Sequence) ... 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2Valve Lash Setting Inlet ... 0.38 mm (.015 in)Exhaust ... 0.76 mm (.030 in) Front end of engine is opposite the flywheel end. Left side and right side of engine are as viewed from the flywheel end. No. 1 cylinder is the front cylinder on the left side. No. 2 cylinder is the front cylinder on the right side.3412C
Cylinder, Valve And Injection Pump LocationNumber And Arrangement Of Cylinders ... 65 degree V-12Valves Per Cylinder ... 4Displacement ... 27.0 liters (1649 cu in)Bore ... 137.2 mm (5.40 in)Stroke ... 152.4 mm (6.00 in)Compression Ratio ... 14.5:1Type Of Combustion ... Direct InjectionDirection Of Crankshaft Rotation (as viewed from flywheel end) ... CounterclockwiseDirection Of Fuel Pump Camshaft Rotation (as viewed from pump drive end) ... CounterclockwiseFiring Order (Injection Sequence) ... 1-4-9-8-5-2-11-10-3-6-7-12Valve Lash Setting Inlet ... 0.38 mm (.015 in)Exhaust ... 0.76 mm (.030 in) Front end of engine is opposite the flywheel end. Left side and right side of engine are as viewed from the flywheel end. No. 1 cylinder is the front cylinder on the left side. No. 2 cylinder is the front cylinder on the right side.Engine Information
The Caterpillar electronically controlled 3408C & 3412C Industrial Engines have a 137 mm (5.40 in) bore, 152.4 mm (6.00 in) stroke. The engine is a four stroke cycle, 8 or 12 cylinder 65 degrees vee engine.The engine is twin series turbocharged and jacket water aftercooled with direct fuel injection. The engine has a SAE No. "0" (zero) flywheel housing and dual viscous dampers. This engine is designed for either right or left hand service and to fit within a 1220 mm (48 in) width for oil well service-fracturing rig applications.The electronic control system was designed to provided engine speed governing, automatic fuel ratio control, torque rise shaping and system diagnostics with data link.Individual injection pumps and fuel lines, one for each cylinder, meter and pump fuel under high pressure to a fuel injection nozzle for each cylinder. A mechanical timing advance provides fuel injection timing over the full range of engine speed.A full range electronic governor controls the fuel injection pump output to maintain the engine rpm, called for by the throttle position sensor.The cooling system consists of a gear driven centrifugal pump, with two water temperature regulators which regulate the coolant temperature. A customer supplied fan drive and cooling system (radiator) is required.The engine lubricating oil, which is both cooled and filtered, is supplied by a gear driven pump. Bypass valves provide unrestricted flow of lubrication oil to the engine parts when oil viscosity is high, or if either the engine oil cooler or the engine oil filter elements should become plugged.Engine efficiency and engine performance depend on adherence to proper operation and maintenance recommendations, and the use of recommended fuels, coolants and lubrication oils.Follow the recommended Maintenance Management Schedule with emphasis on air cleaner, oil, engine oil filter, fuel and fuel filter maintenance found in the Operation & Maintenance Manual.Starting The Engine
The electronically controlled engine may need to crank slightly longer than a mechanically governed engine, because some oil pressure is required for the electronic actuator to move the rack. The check engine light should be ON while the engine is cranking, but should GO OUT, after engine oil pressure is achieved. At temperatures below 0°C (32°F), it may be necessary to spray starting fluid into the air cleaner inlet (follow the recommended procedure in the Operation & Maintenance Manual. If the engine fails to start in 30 seconds, allow the starting motor to cool for two minutes before trying it again.Cold Mode Operation
The electronic control system automatically idles the engine at 900 to 1000 rpm for the correct warm up time after a cold engine start [approximately less than 5°C (40°F)]. The electronic control system periodically checks the engine response and will reduce the idle speed down to 600 rpm when the engine is warmed.After the engine is started and the cold mode operation is completed, the engine can be operated at low rpm and low power. The engine will reach normal operating temperature faster when operated at low rpm and low power demand than when idled at no load.Shutoff Solenoid Override
A manual shutoff solenoid override lever is located on the side of the fuel pump. The engine can be shut off by rotating the manual shutoff lever in the counterclockwise (CCW) direction. Rotating the manual shutoff lever in the clockwise (CW) direction disables the shutoff solenoid.If the solenoid has been disabled, the engine can be shut OFF by using the manual shutoff lever on the side of the fuel pump.
DO NOT operate the engine without the rack solenoid (BTM) in place and with the fuel shutoff solenoid disabled. Excessive engine speed may result.
Customer Specified Parameters
The electronic control system is capable of being programmed for several customer specified parameters. These parameters and a brief explanation of each are in the Operation & Maintenance Guide.Glossary Of Electronic Control Terms
Actual RackThe ECM's interpretation of the signal from the Rack Position Sensor, read as "Rack Pos" on the Caterpillar electronic service tools.Actual Timing AdvanceDegrees of advance beyond static (basic) timing.Aftermarket DeviceA device or accessory installed by the customer after the engine is delivered.Alternating Current (AC)The direction of current flow changes (alternates) regularly and constantly.American Wire Gauge (AWG)A measure of the diameter (and therefore the current carrying ability) of electrical wire. The smaller the AWG number, the larger the wire.Before Top Center (BTC)The 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation before