861255 Volvo.Penta Nozzle sleeve

Illustration 1 g01460091
Flow diagram of the lubrication system
Lubricating oil from the oil pan flows through a strainer and a pipe (9) to the suction side of the engine oil pump (10). Pressure for the lubrication system is supplied by the oil pump. The crankshaft gear (13) drives a lower idler gear (12). The lower idler gear drives the oil pump gear (11). The pump has an inner rotor and an outer rotor. The axis of rotation of the rotors are off-center relative to each other. There is an interference fit between the inner rotor and the drive shaft.The inner rotor has five lobes which mesh with the six lobes of the outer rotor. When the pump rotates, the distance increases between the lobes of the outer rotor and the lobes of the inner rotor in order to create a vacuum. When the distance decreases between the lobes, pressure is created.The lubricating oil flows from the outlet side of the oil pump (10) through a passage to the oil filter head (7). The oil then flows from the oil filter head through a passage to a plate type oil cooler. The oil cooler is located on the left side of the cylinder block.From the oil cooler, the oil returns through a passage to the oil filter head. The oil then flows through a bypass valve that permits the lubrication system to function if the oil filter becomes blocked. Under normal conditions, the oil then flows to the oil filter (8).The oil flows from the oil filter through a passage that is drilled across the cylinder block to the oil gallery (4). The oil gallery is drilled through the total length of the left side of the cylinder block. If the oil filter is on the right side of the engine, the oil flows through a passage that is drilled across the cylinder block to the pressure gallery.Lubricating oil from the oil gallery flows through high-pressure passages to the main bearings of the crankshaft (5). Then, the oil flows through the passages in the crankshaft to the connecting rod bearing journals (6). The pistons and the cylinder bores are lubricated by the splash of oil and the oil mist.Lubricating oil from the main bearings flows through passages in the cylinder block to the journals of the camshaft. Then, the oil flows from the front journal of the camshaft (2) at a reduced pressure to the cylinder head. The oil then flows through the center of the rocker shaft (1) to the rocker arm levers. The valve stems, the valve springs and the valve lifters are lubricated by the splash and the oil mist.The hub of the idler gear is lubricated by oil from the oil gallery. The timing gears are lubricated by the splash from the oil.An external line supplies oil to the high-pressure fuel pump. The oil then flows through a return line into the timing case and back to the oil pan.Engines have piston cooling jets that are supplied with oil from the oil gallery. The piston cooling jets spray lubricating oil on the underside of the pistons in order to cool the pistons.