833275 Volvo.Penta Nut

Illustration 1 g01670775
(1) Inlet valves (2) Exhaust valves (3) Compressor housing (4) Inlet manifold (5) Exhaust manifold (6) Air inlet (7) Exhaust outlet (8) Turbine housing (9) Water inlet for the aftercooler (10) Water outlet for the aftercooler (11) AftercoolerThe engine components of the air inlet and exhaust system control the quality of air and the amount of air that is available for combustion. The components of the air inlet and exhaust system are the following components:
Air cleaner
Turbocharger
Aftercooler
Cylinder head
Valves and valve system components
Piston and cylinder
Exhaust manifoldThe turbocharger compressor wheel pulls inlet air through the air cleaner and into the air inlet. The air is compressed and this causes the air to become hot. The air flows through aftercooler (11) and the temperature of the compressed air lowers. This cools the turbocharged inlet air and the engine coolant.Air is forced from the aftercooler into inlet manifold (4). The air flow from the inlet port into the cylinders is controlled by inlet valves.
Illustration 2 g01803793
Air inlet and exhaust system (1) Inlet valve (2) Exhaust valve (3) Compressor housing (5) Exhaust manifold (6) Air inlet (7) Exhaust outlet (8) Turbine housing (11) AftercoolerEach cylinder has two inlet valves (1) and two exhaust valves (2) in the cylinder head. The inlet valves open on the inlet stroke. When the inlet valves open, compressed air from the inlet port within the inlet manifold is pushed into the cylinder. The inlet valves close when the piston begins the compression stroke. The air in the cylinder is compressed and the fuel is injected into the cylinder when the piston is near the top of the compression stroke. Combustion begins when the fuel mixes with the air. The force of combustion pushes the piston on the power stroke. The exhaust valves open and the exhaust gases are pushed through the exhaust port into exhaust manifold (5). After the piston finishes the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valves close and the cycle begins again.Exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold flow into the turbine housing (3). The high temperature exhaust gases cause the turbocharger turbine wheel to turn. The turbine wheel is connected to the shaft that drives the compressor wheel. Exhaust gases from the turbocharger pass through exhaust outlet (7 ), through a muffler, and through an exhaust stack.Turbocharger
Illustration 3 g01803813
Turbocharger (12) Air inlet (13) Compressor housing (14) Compressor wheel (15) Bearing (16) Oil inlet port (17) Bearing (18) Turbine housing (19) Turbine wheel (20) Exhaust outlet (21) Oil outlet port (22) Exhaust inletThe turbocharger is mounted to the exhaust manifold of the engine. All of the exhaust gases go from the exhaust manifold through the turbocharger.The exhaust gases enter the turbocharger and the turbine wheel is turned. Because the turbocharger turbine wheel is connected by a shaft to the turbocharger compressor wheel, the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel turn at very high speeds. The rotation of the compressor wheel pulls clean air through the compressor housing air inlet. The action of the compressor wheel blades causes a compression of the inlet air. This compression allows a larger amount of air to enter the engine. With more air in the engine, the engine is able to burn more fuel. The overall effect is an increase in power.Bearing (15) and bearing (17) in the turbocharger use engine oil that is under pressure for lubrication. The lubrication for the bearings flows through oil inlet port (16) and into the inlet port in the center section of the turbocharger cartridge. The oil exits the turbocharger through oil outlet port (21). The oil then returns to the engine oil pan through the oil drain line for the turbocharger.Valves And Valve Mechanism
Illustration 4 g01424015
Valve system components (23) Valve bridge (24) Rocker arm (25) Camshaft (26) Rotocoil (27) Valve spring (28) Valve guide (29) ValveThe valves and the valve mechanism control the flow of inlet air into the cylinders during engine operation. The valves and the valve mechanism control the flow of exhaust gases out of the cylinders during engine operation.
Illustration 5 g01424016
Components of the gear train (30) Timing mark (31) Camshaft gear (32) Adjustable idler gear (33) Idler gear (34) Timing mark (35) Cluster gear (36) Crankshaft gear (37) Oil pump gearThe inlet valves and the exhaust valves are opened by the valve mechanism. The inlet valves and the exhaust valves are also closed by the valve mechanism. This occurs as the rotation of the crankshaft causes the camshaft to rotate. Camshaft gear (31) is driven by a series of two idler gears (32) and (33). Idler gear (32) is driven by cluster gear (35). Cluster gear (35) is driven by crankshaft gear (36). Timing mark (30) and timing mark (34) are aligned in order to provide the correct relationship between the piston and the valve movement.The camshaft has three lobes for each cylinder. One lobe operates the inlet valves. A second lobe operates the exhaust valves. The third lobe operates the unit injector mechanism. The camshaft lobes turn and the rocker arms move. Movement of the rocker arms will make the inlet and exhaust valve bridges move. These bridges allow one rocker arm to actuate two valves at the same time. Each cylinder has two inlet valves and two exhaust valves. Each valve has one valve spring (27). The spring closes the valve.Rotocoils (26) cause the valves to rotate while the engine is running. Valve rotation provides a longer service life. Valve rotation also minimizes carbon deposits on the valves.Adjustable idler gear (32) is designed to provide the required gear backlash between nonadjustable idler gear (33) and camshaft gear (31). If the cylinder head is removed, tolerances of the components will change. The components that change are the cylinder head and the head gasket. The adjustable idler gear must be relocated. For information on setting the correct backlash, refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Gear Group (Front) - Time".The camshaft drive gear has integral pendulums which act as a vibration damper for the front gear group. These pendulums are designed to counteract the torsional forces from the