22628285 Volvo.Penta Oil return pipe

Crankcase Lubricating Oils
Use oils which meet Engine Service Classification CD (MIL-L-2104D) or CD/TO-2. These are additive-type oils that have been approved for use in Caterpillar Diesel Engines.Consult the "EMA Lubricating Oils Data Book," Form SEBU5939, for a listing of CD oil brands.The proper SAE grade of oil to select is determined by the ambient temperature at which the engine is started and the maximum ambient temperature in which the engine will be operating. See chart for recommended viscosity and temperature range.To determine if the oil in the crankcase will flow in cold weather, remove the oil dipstick before starting. If the oil will flow off, the oil is fluid enough to circulate properly.Lubricating Grease
Use Multipurpose-type Grease (MPGM) which contains 3-5% molybdenum disulfide conforming to MIL-M-7866, and a suitable corrosion inhibitor. NLGI No. 2 Grade is suitable for most temperatures. Use NLGI No. 0 or No. 1 Grade for extremely low temperatures.Recommended Lubricant Viscosities
Air Starting Motor Oiler: Use SAE 10W in all temperatures.Flywheel Clutch Bearing Reservoir: Use SAE 30 in all temperatures. Fuel Specifications
No. 2 fuel oil and No. 2D diesel fuel are recommended for use in Caterpillar Diesel Engines. In extreme cold temperatures use No. 1 fuel oil or No. 1D diesel fuel.In selecting a fuel, note that distillate fuels are especially desirable because the fuel is heated to a vaporous state and condensed, thus eliminating all sediment and residue.There is considerable variation in the composition of fuels distributed under the No. 2 grade classifications. For desirable engine service it is most important to give special attention to cetane no., water and sediment, pour point, cloud point and sulphur content. USE THE LOWEST PRICE DISTILLATE FUEL WHICH MEETS THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS.Water and Sediment 0.1% sedimentCetane No. (PC Engine) 35 minimum(DI Engine) 40 minimumPour Point 10°F (6°C) below ambient temperatureCloud Point No higher than ambient temperatureSulphur Content* Adjust oil change periodGravity 32-40 A.P.I. at 60°F (15.6°C)*See the topic SULPHUR CONTENT. Cetane No: This is an indication of a fuel's ignition quality and should not be less than 35 for the PC engine and 40 for the DI engine. For high altitude operation or cold weather starting, a higher cetane number is required. Water and Sediment: A good clean fuel will contain no more than 0.1% sediment and water. Dirty fuels lead to early filter plugging and in addition can result in the formation of gums and resins reducing filter and engine life. Pour Point: The pour point of the fuel has no effect on engine performance, as long as the fuel is fluid enough to flow from the fuel tank to the engine. The pour point of the fuel should be at least 10°F (6°C) below the lowest atmospheric temperature at which the engine must start and operate. In extremely cold temperatures it may be necessary to use No. 1 fuel oil or No. 1D diesel fuel. Cloud Point: Cloud point is the temperature at which wax crystals become visible and is generally above the pour point of the fuel. The cloud point should be no higher than the lowest atmospheric temperature at which the engine must start to keep the fuel filter elements from plugging with wax crystals. Sulfur Content: The percentage of sulfur in the fuel will affect the engine oil recommendations. If the fuel has over 0.5% sulfur content, the CD engine oil must have a TBN of 20 times the percentage of fuel sulfur (TBN as measured by the ASTM D-2896 method). Your oil supplier should be able to furnish the correct oils. Gravity: Gravity is the measurement of heat units in a certain amount of fuel. The heavier the fuel (the lower the number) the more heat units per volume. If a fuel with a higher A.P.I. gravity is used the power produced will be lower. Select fuels with the lower A.P.I. gravity reading.Some fuel specifications that meet the above requirements are: ASTM-D396 - No. 1 & No. 2 fuels (burner fuels)ASTM-D975 - No. 1D & No. 2D diesel fuel oilsBS2869-Class A1 to Class A2 engine fuelsBS2869-Class C & Class D burner fuelsDIN51601-Diesel fuelDIN51603-EL heating oilAuthorized dealers are familiar with fuels that have given good results in Caterpillar Diesel Engines and should be consulted regarding fuel use when abnormal conditions occur.Coolant Specifications
Water used in the jacket water cooling system should be clean, and as free as possible from scale forming minerals or corrosive chemicals. Artificially softened water should not be used. Treating the water with Caterpillar Coolant Inhibitor, or equivalent will help prevent the formation of rust and pitting. It will also retard, and in some cases completely eliminate, mineral deposits in the engine.The most efficient and satisfactory corrosion protection for the cooling system is to maintain proper level of coolant inhibitor and antifreeze solution. The use of auxiliary water filters is not recommended.During freezing weather use the proper permanent type antifreeze and water solution to prevent freezing.Before placing the engine in operation, make sure a 3% concentration of Caterpillar Corrosion Inhibitor or equivalent has been added to the cooling system. This 3% concentration must be maintained in cooling systems which are filled with water and systems protected with ethylene glycol antifreeze mixture, regardless of antifreeze concentration.
Inhibitors contain alkali. Avoid contact with eyes. To prevent personal injury, avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin.