840318 Volvo.Penta Oil dipstick

(1) Oil Pump The oil pump, of a gear type, is driven by the skew gear mounted on the camshaft.The oil pump cover serves also as the oil filter head, requiring no oil pipe.The engine oil fed under pressure by the oil pump is delivered to the oil cooler. The camshaft skew gear and oil pump gear are lubricated by oil sprayed from the oil hole drilled in the oil pump case.(a) Regulator Valve The regulator valve regulates the pressure of engine oil that is supplied to the oil main gallery. When the oil pressure in the main gallery rises to the specified level or higher, the valve opens to return part of the engine oil to the oil pan, preventing excessively high pressure in the lubrication system.(b) Check Valve The check valve provides immediate lubrication of the moving parts when the engine is started. The oil pump, of the trochoid type, is driven by the skew gear mounted on the camshaft.An oil strainer is mounted at the suction port of the oil pump and the engine oil drawn up by the oil pump is fed under pressure to the oil filter. Through the oil hole in the oil pump case and notch in the oil pump shaft, the engine oil in the oil main gallery is splashed to lubricate the oil pump gear. In the trochoid pump, when the inner rotor turns, the outer rotor also turns with it in the same direction; however, the different number of lobes and difference in center position between the inner and outer rotors vary the spaces formed between them to provide pumping action.* Relief Valve The oil pump has a relief valve which diverts engine oil to the oil pan when the oil pressure rises to the specified level or higher, thereby preventing overloading of the lubrication system. (2) Oil Cooler The oil cooler provides heat exchange between the coolant and oil fed under pressure from the crankcase water jacket and oil pump, respectively.The oil cooler is of the shell-and-tube type and the one for 4D3 has a bypass valve.Bypass Valve When the oil viscosity is high due to low temperature or when flow is impeded by a clogged element, the bypass valve opens to allow engine oil to bypass the engine oil cooler and flow directly to the oil filter. (3) Oil Filter A full-flow filter and a bypass filter are used together. The filter elements are of the spin-on type that can be easily replaced.The engine oil filtered through the full-flow filter is delivered to the crankcase oil main gallery and the oil circulating through the bypass filter returns through the crankcase to the oil pan. The oil filter is the filter paper full-flow type with a regulator valve, bypass valve and oil bypass alarm in its head. There are two types, the spin-on type that can be replaced easily and the element-replace type that can have its elements replaced individually.(a) Bypass Valve (For Full-flow Filter) When the difference between the engine oil pressures at both sides of the bypass filter rises to a specified level or higher due to a clogged element, the bypass valve installed in the lower section of the filter opens to allow unfiltered engine oil to flow to the engine. The oil bypass alarm operates similarly and when its built-in electric contacts cause the valve to open, the pilot lamp comes on to warn the driver about the clogged element.(b) Bypass Valve When the oil viscosity is high due to low temperature or when the flow is impeded by a clogged element, the bypass valve opens to allow engine oil to bypass the engine oil cooler and flow directly to the oil filter.(c) Regulator Valve The regulator valve regulates the pressure of engine oil that is supplied to the oil main gallery. When the oil pressure in the main gallery rises to a specified level or higher, the valve opens to return part of the engine oil to the oil pan, preventing excessively high pressure in the lubrication system. (4) Lubrication of PartsThe engine oil routed from the oil filter to crankcase oil main gallery lubricates all engine parts as detailed below before returning to the oil pan.(a) Main Bearing and Connecting Rod Bearing There is an oil passage provided from the oil main gallery to each main bearing. The oil flows through the oil hole to lubricate the main bearing and passes through the oil passage drilled into the crankshaft to lubricate the connecting rod bearings.The oil lubricated the connecting rod bearing flows through the oil hole provided in the connecting rod to lubricate the connecting rod small end bushing.On 4D3, oil is sprayed from the oil jet provided at the connecting rod small end to cool the piston.(b) Camshaft Bushing Camshaft bushings are lubricated by the oil flowing through the oil passages leading from the oil main gallery to each bushing.There is an oil hole provided in the journal at the front end of engine that serves as an oil passage to lubricate the camshaft gear and valve mechanism.(c) Valve Mechanism The engine oil that has lubricated No.