272003 Volvo.Penta Piston kit

A Rating (Continuous)
* For heavy-duty service when engine is operated at rated load and speed up to 100 percent of the time without interruption or load cycling.* Time at full load up to 100 percent of the duty cycle.* Typical examples are: pipeline pumping, ventilation, and customer specifications.B Rating
* For servicing where power and/or speed are cyclic.* Time at full load not to exceed 80 percent of the duty cycle.* Typical examples are: irrigation where normal pump demand is 85 percent of the duty cycle, oil field mechanical pumping and drilling, and stationary/plant air compressors.C Rating (Intermittent)
* For service where power and/or speed are cyclic* The horsepower and speed capability of the engine can be used for one uninterrupted hour, followed by one hour of operation at or below the A rating.* Time at full load not to exceed 50 percent of the duty cycle.* Typical examples are: agricultural tractors, harvesters and combines, off-highway trucks, fire pump application power, blast hole drills, rock crushers and wood chippers with high torque rise, and oil field hoisting.D Rating
* For service when rated power is required for periodic overloads.* The maximum horsepower and speed capability of the engine can be used for a maximum of 30 uninterrupted minutes, followed by one hour of followed by one hour of C rating operation.* Time at full load not to exceed 10 percent of the duty cycle.* Typical examples are: offshore cranes, runway snow blowers, water well drills, portable air compressors, and fire pump certification power.E Rating
* For service where rated power is required for a short time for initial starting or sudden overload. For emergency service where standard power is unavailable.* The maximum horsepower and speed capability of the engine can be utilized for a maximum of 15 uninterrupted minutes, followed by one hour at C rating operation, or for the duration of the emergency.* Time at full load is not to exceed 5 percent of the duty cycle.* Typical examples are: standby centrifugal water pumps, oil field well servicing, crash trucks, and gas turbine starters.Rating Conditions
Unless otherwise specified, all ratings are based on SAE J1349 standard ambient conditions:* 100 kPa (29.6 inches of Hg) of pressure* 30 percent relative humidity, and* a temperature of 26°C (77°F).Ratings also apply at AS1501, BS5514, DIN6271, and ISO3046/1 standard conditions.Power for diesel engines is based on:* API gravity of 35 at 15°C (60°F),* fuel LHV of 42.780 kJ/g (18390 Btu/lb) at 29°C (84°F), and* fuel density of 838.9 g/L (7.0001 lb/US gal)Ratings are gross output ratings- the total output capability of the engine-equipped with standard accessories. Standard accessories include pumps for lubrication oil, fuel, and jacket water, and magneto as required. The gross output, minus the power required to drive auxiliary components, equals the net power available for the external (flywheel) load. Typical auxiliary components include cooling fans, air compressors, and charging alternators.Ratings must be reduced to compensate for altitude conditions, according to the applicable engine test specification derating data at normal ambient temperature.
Operating units above the rating definitions will result in shorter service life before overhaul.