272059 Volvo.Penta Piston

Examples of the API symbol.Diesel engine oil classifications CD, CD-2 and CE will not be API licensed categories after January 1, 1996. Caterpillar will only reference those categories that are licensed by the API. The following chart summarizes the status of the categories. Engine Lubrication Specifications
Caterpillar Oil
Caterpillar Oils have been developed, tested, and approved by Caterpillar to provide the performance and life that has been designed and built into Caterpillar diesel engines. Caterpillar Oils are used for engine development and factory fill. They are available from Caterpillar dealers. Due to significant variations in the quality and performance of commercially available oils, Caterpillar recommends the following.Caterpillar Diesel Engine Oil (DEO) (multi-grade)
Caterpillar DEO multi-grade oils are formulated with detergents, dispersants, and sufficient alkalinity to provide superior performance in Caterpillar diesel engines. DEO multi-grade oils are blended in two viscosity grades: SAE 10W30 and SAE 15W40. Refer to the lubricant viscosity chart to choose the correct viscosity grade based on ambient temperatures. Multi-grade oils provide the correct viscosity for a broad range of operating temperatures for cold engine starts. Multi-grade oils are also effective in maintaining low oil consumption and low levels of piston deposits.Caterpillar DEO multi-grade oils are also qualified for use in other diesel engines and in gasoline engines. Consult the engine manufacturer's guide for the recommended specifications, and compare to the specifications of Caterpillar DEO multi-grade. The current Caterpillar DEO industry specifications are listed on the label and on the product data sheets.Commercial Diesel Engine Oils
The performance of commercial diesel engine oils are based on API categories. These API categories are developed to provide commercial lubricants for a wide variety of diesel engines that operate at various conditions.If Caterpillar DEO (multi-grade) is not used, the following commercial oils are recommended.* API CG-4 Preferred* API CF-4 AllowedAPI CG-4 oils are preferred for Caterpillar engines because of the fuel sulfur level. API CG-4 is the only oil category that evaluates oils with engine tests utilizing 0.05 percent sulfur fuel.The following explanations of these API categories can be used to make the proper choice of a commercial oil. CG-4: This is the newest oil category. CG-4 oils were primarily developed for diesel engines that are operating on 0.05 percent sulfur diesel fuel. All of the laboratory engine tests for this category were run with 0.05 percent sulfur diesel fuel. This category also defines oils that have superior soot discrepancy. CG-4 oils will provide improved viscosity control and improved crankcase cleanliness in applications where oil soot is a problem. CG-4 oils will provide improved viscosity control and improved crankcase cleanliness in applications where oil soot is a problem. CG-4 oils should also be used in engines that contain hydraulically actuated fuel injection pumps; these are the first oils to pass industry tests for foam control and viscosity shear loss. CG-4 oils must also pass recently developed tests for metals corrosion, and wear. CG-4 oils can be used in all Caterpillar engines where CF-4 oils are recommended. CF-4 oils service a wide variety of modern diesel engines. This oil classification was developed with 0.40 percent sulfur diesel fuel. The fuel used in the CF-4 tests represents the type of diesel fuels commonly available world wide. CF-4 oils provide improved piston deposit control and improved oil control when compared to the CE category oils. CF-4 oils also provide improved soot dispersancy compared to CD or CF category oils.Some commercial oils meeting these API specifications may require shortened oil change intervals as determined by close monitoring of oil condition and wear metals (Caterpillar S*O*S Oil Analysis Program preferred).Consult with your Caterpillar dealer for the latest oil recommendations or refer to the following Caterpillar Supplements: SEBU6250, SEBU6251, and SEBU6385.
Failure to follow these oil recommendations can cause shortened engine life due to deposits and or excessive wear.
Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Levels For Caterpillar Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines
The TBN for a new oil is dependent on the sulfur level of the fuel used. For direct injection engines running distillate diesel fuel, the minimum new oil TBN (by ASTM D 2896) must be 10 times the fuel sulfur level, and the minimum TBN is 5 regardless of sulfur level, see the chart below.TBN vs Fuel Sulfur for Caterpillar DI Diesel Engines
Y=oil TBN shown by ASTM D2896. X=percent of fuel sulfur by weight. New oil TBN (1). Change oil when the used oil TBN limit (2) is reached.In areas where the fuel sulfur exceeds 1.5 percent, choose an oil with the highest TBN that is within the API CF-4 or CG-4 categories, and shorten the oil change period based on oil analysis. The oil analysis should evaluate oil condition and wear metals. High TBN oils that are not within the API CF-4 or CG-4 categories can produce excessive piston deposits leading to a loss of oil control and bore polishing.
Operation at fuel sulfur levels over 1.5 percent may require shortened oil change periods to maintain adequate wear protection.
Lubricant Viscosity Recommendations
The proper SAE viscosity grade oil is determined by the minimum outside temperature at cold engine start up, and the maximum outside temperature during engine operation. Use the minimum temperature column on the chart to determine the oil viscosity required for starting a "cold soaked" engine. Use the maximum temperature column on the chart to select the viscosity for operation at the highest temperature anticipated. In general, use the highest viscosity oil available that still meets the start up temperature requirements. Synthetic Base Stock Oils
Synthetic base stock oils are acceptable for use in Caterpillar engines and machines if these oils meet the performance requirements specified by Caterpillar for a particular compartment.Synthetic base stock oils generally outperform non-synthetics in two areas:1. Improved low temperature viscosity characteristics, especially in Arctic conditions.2. Improved oxidation stability, especially at high operating temperatures.Some synthetic base stock oils have performance characteristics that enhance the useful life of the oil. However, Caterpillar does NOT recommend the automatic extension of oil drain intervals for any oil, including synthetic base stock oils. For Caterpillar diesel engines, oil