3808527 Volvo.Penta Piston kit

Engine Lubricant Specification
Maximum engine life and performance can be expected when the proper engine oil is used. There are significant variations in the quality and performance of the oils commercially available. Caterpillar Oils are formulated to provide maximum performance and life in your Caterpillar engine. They are offered in multi-viscosity grades to meet the performance and ambient temperature requirements for heavy duty diesel engines.The performance characteristics of the oil depends on the base oil and the additives. The additives in the oil will vary according to the properties of the base oil and the environment in which the oil will perform its function.Caterpillar Oil
To achieve the maximum engine life and superior performance in your diesel engine, Caterpillar recommends Caterpillar Diesel Engine Oil-DEO (API CF-4). Oils meeting the American Petroleum Institute (API CF-4) performance category possess the properties to operate effectively at the higher piston temperatures. As new Caterpillar engine designs are introduced to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1990's emission requirements, the requirement is API CF-4 performance oils for these engines.Cat Oils have been developed, tested and approved by Caterpillar to provide the performance and life which has been designed and built into our engines. Cat Oils are currently being used for engine lab development and are offered by Caterpillar dealers for continued use. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for more information on these Cat Oils.The DEO (CF-4) oil is blended in viscosity grades of SAE 10W30 and 15W40. Multi-grade oils significantly lower oil consumption compared to single grades. Oil consumption and piston crown land deposits are very important in the engine tests used to evaluate oil performance.Commercial Oils
If oils other than Caterpillar oils are used, the following oil specifications provide guidelines for the selection of commercial products.* API specifications CF-4, CF-4/SF, or CF-4/SG
Failure to follow the commercial oil recommendation for API CF-4 performance oils can cause shortened engine life due to piston carbon deposits, liner bore polish and/or abnormally higher increasing oil consumption.API CC and CD oils are unacceptable in this Caterpillar diesel engine.
Lubricant Viscosity Recommendations
The proper SAE grade of oil to select is determined by the minimum outside temperature at which the engine will be started and the maximum outside temperature in which the engine will be operating. This recommendation is to ensure the correct viscosity is used until the next oil change.The recommendation would be to use the highest viscosity oil possible. Even though the ambient temperature may be low, operating engines can still be subjected to normal oil temperatures because of regulated temperature components. The higher viscosity oils will provide better protection to all components which it contacts during the full operating cycle.The use of API CF-4 multi-viscosity oils is recommended because of full protection through a wider temperature range. See chart for recommended viscosity and temperature range.To determine if the oil in the crankcase will flow in cold weather, remove the oil dipstick before starting. If the oil will flow off, the oil is fluid enough to circulate properly. Air Starting Motor Oiler
A lubricator should be used with the starting system.* Use 10 weight non-detergent engine oil above 0°C (32°F) or* diesel fuel or kerosene at temperatures below 0°C (32°F).Lubricant Total Base Number (TBN)
New engine oil must have a TBN of 10 times (for direct injection engines) the percent fuel sulfur as measured by ASTM (American Society of Testing Materials) D2896 method. Refer to the Fuel Specifications in this manual for additional information. Additional Notes
The percentage of sulfur in the fuel will affect the engine oil recommendations. For fuel sulfur effects, the Infrared Analysis or the ASTM D2896 procedure can be used to evaluate the residual neutralization properties of an engine oil. The sulfur products formation depends on the fuel sulfur content, oil formulation, crankcase blowby, engine operating conditions and ambient temperature.The fuel sulfur neutralization of today's new oil formulations along with direct injection (DI) system engines are more effective. Field results indicate that direct injection combustion (DI) systems and the oils now recommended for these engines will operate at an oil TBN equal to 10 times the fuel sulfur. Therefore, the Caterpillar requirements reflect this value of 10 times instead of the previous 20 times for oil TBN when related to fuel sulfur for Cat DI engines and API CF-4 oils. Used oil analysis should be a part of the overall program to provide the assurance that a particular engine installation with all its parameters (engine, oil, operation, maintenance and fuel) are under control. Consult with your Caterpillar dealer for the latest lubrication recommendations.Synthetic Base Stock Oils (SPC)
The performance characteristics of the oil depends on the base oil and the additives. The additives in the oil will vary according to the properties of the base oil and the environment in which the oil will perform its function.Synthetic base stock oils are acceptable for use in Caterpillar engines if these oils meet the performance requirements specified for a particular compartment. The performance requirements for engines using synthetic oils is API CF-4 with API CE as an alternative.The use of a synthetic base stock oil does NOT allow extension of the oil drain period simply because of the use of synthetic oil. Any drain period extension must be validated by S O S (oil analysis and test evaluation) to ensure no excessive component wear occurs in a particular application.The synthetic oils have naturally low pour points which make them very good oils for low temperature applications. Caterpillar's recommendation for these arctic applications is synthetic base stock oils where startability at the cold conditions are a requirement.Oils are changed because they become contaminated with dirt, soot, wear particles, etc. in their normal use. The additives in the oil formulation are depleted as the oil functions in a compartment. The oil contamination and additive depletion occurs independently of the oil base stock type.Synthetic lubricants may be superior to petroleum oils in specific areas. Many exhibit higher viscosity index (VI), better thermal and oxidation stability and sometimes lower volatility. Because synthetic lubricants are higher in cost than