21464779 Volvo.Penta Reversing gear

Torque for Standard Fasteners
The following charts give general torques for bolts, nuts and taperlock studs of SAE Grade 5 or better quality.
Torque for Bolts, Nuts and Taperlock Studs
Use these standard torque values for all fasteners unless otherwise specified in this publication or in the Service Manual. Torque for Metric Fasteners
Be very careful never to mix metric with U.S. customary (standard) fasteners. Mismatched or incorrect fasteners will cause engine damage or malfunction and may even result in personal injury.Original fasteners removed from the engine should be saved for reassembly whenever possible. If new fasteners are needed, they must be of the same size and grade as the ones that are being replaced.The material strength identification is usually shown on the bolt head by numbers (8.8, 10.9, etc.). The following chart gives general torques for bolts and nuts with Metric Threads of SAE Grade 8.8 or better quality.
Metric hardware must be replaced with metric hardware. Check parts manual for proper replacement. Torques for Bolts, Nuts and Taperlock Studs with Metric Threads
Torque for Standard Hose Clamps-Worm Drive Band Type
The following chart gives the torques for initial installation of hose clamps on new hose and for reassembly or tightening of hose clamps on existing hose.
Torque for Constant Torque Hose Clamps
A constant torque hose clamp can be used in place of any standard hose clamp. Make sure the constant torque hose clamp is the same size as the standard clamp. Due to extreme temperature changes, hose will heat set. Heat setting causes hose clamps to loosen. Loose hose clamps can result in leaks. There have been reports of component failures caused by hose clamps loosening. The new, constant torque hose clamp will help prevent these failures.Each installation application can be different depending on the type of hose, fitting material and anticipated expansion or contraction of the hose and fittings. A torque wrench should be used for proper installation of the new, constant torque hose clamps. Constant torque hose clamps should be installed as follows: * To allow for maximum expansion, install clamps at 5.7 N m (50 lb in).* To allow for equal expansion and contraction, install clamps at 10.2 N m (90 lb in).* To allow for maximum contraction, install clamps at 14.1 N m (125 lb in).Cooling System Specifications
Coolant Information
The proper coolant mixture is important in today's diesel engines. Diesel engine operating temperatures have increased to improve engine efficiency. This also means proper cooling system maintenance is especially important. Overheating, excessive cooling, component pitting, cavitation erosion, piston seizures and plugged heat exchangers are results of cooling system failures. Proper coolant is critical, as is the quality of fuel and lubricating oil. Maintenance practices may need to be re-evaluated to properly maintain the engine's cooling system. It is important that this section be read carefully.
Never operate without a thermostat in the cooling system. The thermostats maintain the engine coolant at the proper operating temperature.Never add coolant or water to an overheated engine, engine damage can result. Allow the engine to cool first. Filling at over 5 U.S. gallon (20 L) per minute can cause air pockets in the cooling system.DO NOT use Dowtherm 209 Full-Fill coolant.Caterpillar does not recommend the use of cooling system solutions that are intended to stop leaks. Use of these products may result in engine damage. Caterpillar recommends that the coolant mixture contain a minimum of 30% Caterpillar Antifreeze, or equivalent.The cooling system should be protected with a minimum of 3% concentration of liquid supplemental coolant additive at all times, regardless of the concentration of antifreeze.If the engine is to be stored in, or shipped to, an area with freezing temperatures, the cooling system must be protected to the lowest expected outside (ambient) temperature.
Check the specific gravity of the antifreeze solution frequently in cold weather to ensure adequate freeze protection.Coolant Mixture for Caterpillar Engines
Proper engine coolant is a combination of water, antifreeze and supplemental coolant additive. Each ingredient of the mixture must meet specific guidelines for the engine coolant to perform properly. The coolant mixture used in Caterpillar engines must provide the following functions.* Adequate heat transfer.* Cavitation erosion protection.* Freeze & boil protection.* Sludge & scale protection.* Corrosion protection.* Compatibility with system hoses & seals.Water (Coolant)
All water is corrosive at engine operating temperature. Distilled or deionized water is recommended because of less mineral drop out than hard or tap water. Tap water, even artificially softened with salt, is not recommended for use in your engine's cooling system.Calcium, magnesium, chlorides and sulfates are all minerals that make up the dissolved solids in the water. Excessive amounts of these minerals (in hard water) can combine with supplemental coolant additives (silicates and phosphates) to form sludge or scale deposits. The mineral deposits (silicates, phosphates, calcium and magnesium) reduce the effectiveness of the cooling system, especially after a number of heating and cooling cycles. They may collect on hot internal engine surfaces and in the cooling system to reduce the effectiveness of the cooling system.If distilled or de-ionized water is NOT available, use water that meets the minimum acceptable requirements in the chart. To determine your water characteristics, contact the local water department, agricultural agent or an independent laboratory to perform the testing service. Antifreeze
Some applications have elected to run with supplemental coolant additive treated water without glycol. Do not mix coolant additive treated water in the cooling system with Caterpillar Antifreeze. This incompatibility could cause cooling system damage because the coolant will have an excessive concentration of coolant additive. Follow the instructions provided by the antifreeze supplier.
Caterpillar recommends that the coolant mixture contain a minimum of 30% Caterpillar Antifreeze (or equivalent) with 70% distilled or deionized water to maintain an adequate cavitation temperature for efficient water pump performance. Antifreeze concentration should be selected to provide protection to the lowest expected outside (ambient) temperature.Check the specific gravity of the antifreeze solution frequently in cold weather to