866857 Volvo.Penta Rubber bushing

(a) Flat type air cleaner The air cleaner uses a filter paper type element. (b) Cyclone type air cleaner The air cleaner uses a filter paper type element. Because of plastic coating and heat treatment, the element is highly resistant to water and oil. Even if it is contaminated, its functions can be regained by cleaning.The intake air is given a spin by the element vanes for centrifugal separation of large particles of dust and dirt. Small particles of dust and dirt are filtered out by the filter paper element so that a clean air is drawn into the engine.The single element type air cleaner is used for normal operation. Under unusual conditions with a lot of dust and dirt, however, the double element type air cleaner can be effective for enhancing the safety. (2) Precleaner The precleaner removes relatively large dust particles in the intake air.The guide vanes of the precleaner spin the intake air to separate dust particles centrifugally into its own housing. (3) Dust Indicator The dust indicator is directly mounted near the outlet of the air cleaner.The dust indicator operates on the negative pressure of the air drawn into the engine performing the function of indicating the time to clean or replace the element.If dust is collected in the element, the suction resistance increases. When the negative pressure reaches 7.47 kPa (762 mm H2O), the signal is pulled down against the spring pressure, and the transparent portion of the body changes to red, indicating the time to clean or replace the element.After the element has been cleaned or replaced, depress the reset button on the top, and the signal will return to its original position. (4) Turbocharger The TC05 or TD06 turbocharger installed on the 4D31-T engine is manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.The turbocharger utilizes the energy of the engine exhaust gas to feed more air into the engine, thereby offering advantages such as boosted engine power output, thrifter fuel consumption, and reduced engine noise. The exhaust gases discharged from the cylinder of the engine are led through the exhaust manifold into the turbocharger and are accelerated in the turbine housing and are blown against the turbine wheel. Accordingly, the turbine is made to rotate at a speed of scores of thousands of revolutions a minute, and turns the compressor wheel mounted on the same shaft as the turbine wheel. By rotation of the compressor wheel, a larger amount of air than without supercharging is forced into the cylinder of the engine, so a correspondingly larger amount of fuel can be burnt. This increases the effective pressure during combustion (the pressure forcing the piston down) and thus increases the output. The turbocharger can be divided into two basic sections: the turbine wheel that is driven by the exhaust gases and the compressor wheel which forces intake air into cylinders.The turbine wheel shaft is supported by an integrated type bearing <TC05> or by separate type bearings <TD06> and a thrust bearing is mounted on the compressor end. The turbocharger is lubricated as follows.From the oil main gallery in the rear of engine, engine oil is introduced through the oil pipe to the turbocharger bearing housing.The engine oil passes through the oil hole in the bearing housing to lubricate bearing and is returned through the outlet at the bottom of the bearing housing to the crankcase and to the oil pan.The piston rings mounted at both ends of the turbine wheel shaft function as an oil seal.