856599 Volvo.Penta Screw

Gauges
OIL PRESSURE
WATER TEMPERATUREGauges provide a "look" inside the engine. Be sure they are in good working order. You can determine what is "normal" operating range by observing the gauges over a period of time. The cause of any sudden or significant change in the readings should be determined and corrected.OIL PRESSURE - Oil pressure is normally greatest when starting a cold engine. As the oil warms up it will produce less pressure. Oil pressure is greater at operating speeds than at low idle. Fluctuating readings can mean air in the oil or a sticking pressure relief valve. Stop the engine immediately if a sudden loss of oil pressure occurs.WATER TEMPERATURE - The operating temperature is determined by the water temperature regulator. High coolant temperatures mean the cooling system is not dissipating enough engine heat. Pressurized cooling system gauges are marked with ranges rather than temperatures. If the gauge indicates in the red range, the cooling system should be inspected.The minimum operating temperature should not be below the opening temperature of the water temperature regulator.In cold weather the temperature gauge may fluctuate in or near the cold range. This indicates the engine is being overcooled. In these instances the use of radiator louvers is suggested.
AMMETERAMMETER - The ammeter should register in the charging range when the engine is running above low idle. If the gauge registers a discharge when the engine speed is increased, determine the cause.Automatic Start-Stop
An automatic start-stop system ensures that power is supplied to a load when the normal power source is interrupted. The cranking panel is the heart of the system and consists of the failure warning system and relays to start and stop the engine. When a power failure occurs the system senses the failure and starts the engine to transfer the load to standby. When power is restored, it senses and transfers the load from standby and stops the engine. The major use of automatic start-stop systems is standby electric sets and this discussion is limited to that application.If a power failure occurs, a circuit breaker opens and a set of contacts in the transfer switch closes, completing the circuit to the starter motor. When the engine starts, the starter circuit opens, protecting the starter from overspeed damage.Since a standby engine is usually unmanned, it is usually protected from mechanical malfunction by a series of electrical safety devices: high water temperature, low oil pressure and engine overspeed. If a fault occurs it energizes one of the shut-off controls and grounds the magneto to stop the engine.
DO NOT use any emergency shut-off control for normal shut down. The emergency shut-off controls are for emergencies only.
If the unit has a standard cranking panel, the battery and starter are protected from prolonged cranking by a cranking cycle timer. A timer providing five ten-second cranking cycles can be used. Both units have fault lights which light if the cranking cycle is completed and the engine does not start.Automatic start-stop units may have a time delay relay to prevent the standby circuit breaker from closing until the engine has had a few seconds warm up time. A shutdown time delay provides up to two minutes to cool off after the load has been transferred back to normal power source.A time delay relay in the transfer circuit can be adjusted from 1 to 30 minutes. This delays the transfer from standby to normal power until the normal source has been restored and remained stable for the preset period.Unattended units may have an exerciser. At a preset time the engine automatically starts and runs, under load if possible, and shuts itself off. This helps to ensure the unit will start and perform as required when necessary.A shutdown timer may also be used with an automatic start-stop system. This provides a two minute cool off period after the load has been removed from the engine. This allows the heat of full load operation to be dissipated gradually.Many safety circuits have fault lights to aid the operator in locating the cause of the malfunction. These lights are lighted by the safety circuit that is energized by a mechanical fault i.e., high water temperature, low oil pressure, etc.Safety Gauges
Safety shut-offs protect the engine from damage if conditions exceed normal operating limits. The safety circuits sense oil pressure and water temperature. The sending units are a part of the gauges in the instrument panels. If a fault occurs, the water temperature or oil pressure indicator will make contact with a terminal and completes the shutdown circuit. A magnetic switch is energized and grounds the magneto to stop the engine. Before restarting the engine, push the magnetic switch reset button, located on the instrument panel. The oil pressure switch reset button, located on the oil pressure gauge, must be held in during starting.
SAFETY GAUGESA manual stop button located on the instrument panel should be used only in an emergency. The manual stop button grounds the magneto to stop the engine.
Unburned gas left in the manifold can ignite when the engine is restarted.
Before restarting any gas engine which was stopped by grounding the magneto, crank the engine with the gas valve turned off and the magneto grounded for 10-15 seconds. This will clear the unburned gas from the exhaust system.Gas Shut-Off Valve
A gas shut-off valve is available. On an electrical signal from either the safety circuit or a remote mounted switch, the valve closes, stopping the gas flow to the engine. This valve must be reset manually.Overspeed Switch
A contactor actuated by a flyweight governor provides overspeed protection for the engine. The overspeed switch is mounted on the tachometer drive. If the engine overspeeds, the governor closes the contacts, energizing the magnetic switch. The switch grounds the magneto to stop the engine. When an overspeed occurs, the switch must be reset before the engine can be started.
RESET OVERSPEED SWITCHSafety Shut-Off
A safety shut-off system which is not part of the gauges is available. The system stops the engine if the oil pressure or water temperature exceed safe operating