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Your engine may not have the same or all of the gauges as shown in the illustrations. The illustrations shown are of typical gauges.1. -Engine Jacket Water Temperature2. -Fuel Pressure3. -Service Hour Meter4. -Tachometer5. -Engine Oil Pressure6. -Oil Filter Differential PressureGauges provide a "look" inside the engine. Be sure they are in good working order. You can determine what is the "normal" operating range by observing your gauges over a period of time.Noticeable changes in gauge readings are indicative of potential gauge or engine problems. This also applies to gauge readings that have changed significantly but are still within specifications. The cause of any sudden or significant change in the readings should be determined and corrected. Contact your Caterpillar dealer for assistance as needed. An Operating Limits chart is provided and is located on the left side of the instrument panel. Limits for each gauge are stamped on this plate. Use for identifying acceptable gauge (engine operation) limits. DO NOT obstruct this chart. Engine Jacket Water Temperature (1) - Indicates engine water temperature in the jacket water circuit (high temperature). The water temperature reading may vary according to load, but should never exceed the boiling temperature for the pressurized system. Engine jacket water temperature range is 70° to 99°C (160° to 210°F).The engine should operate within the NORMAL range. If the engine is operating and the High Water Temperature Alarm is activated:* Reduce the load and engine speed.* Inspect for coolant leaks.* Determine if the engine must be shutdown immediately; or if the engine can be cooled by reducing the load. Fuel Pressure (2) - Indicates fuel pressure of the filtered fuel to the unit injectors. The indicator should register in the NORMAL range of 345 to 520 kPa (50 to 75 psi). Minimum fuel pressure at Top Engine Limit (TEL) or rated rpm is 275 kPa (40 psi).A drop in fuel pressure usually indicates a dirty fuel filter. Refer to Fuel Filter Pop-up Indicator in this section. Service Hour Meter (3) - Indicates the total number of clock hours the engine has operated. Tachometer (4) - Indicates engine rpm (speed). There are nine speed settings, one for each of the eight notch settings, plus a low idle setting. When the locomotive notch lever is moved to the notch 8 position without load, the engine is running at high idle.The high idle rpm and the full load rpm are stamped on the Engine Information Plate. Engine Oil Pressure (5) - Indicates engine oil pressure. The pressure reading will be greatest after starting a cold engine. Oil pressure will decrease as the engine warms while idling. As the engine speed is increased to full load speed, oil pressure will increase and stabilize. Minimum engine oil pressure with SAE 10W40 is 345 kPa (50 psi) at rated speed and operating temperature. Oil Filter Differential Pressure (6) - Indicates the difference of oil pressure between the inlet side (dirty side) and the outlet side (clean side) of the oil filter. As the element becomes plugged, the difference in pressure between the two sides of the element will increase. Oil filter maximum pressure differential is 105 kPa (15 psi). The following gauges are optional and not shown on the gauge panel. These gauges may be remote or panel mounted. Exhaust Temperature (Pyrometer) - Indicates exhaust gas temperature at the exhaust elbow (flower pot) with a stack thermocouple gauge. Acceptable exhaust temperature is approximately 540°C (1000°F).
Exhaust Pyrometer PortThe temperature readings can also be taken from each cylinder individually with the exhaust port thermocouple shown. These are located on both the left and right banks. The readings will vary slightly from each other. Refer to the Performance Curves for this engine, which can be obtained from your Caterpillar dealer. Air Cleaner Differential Pressure - Indicates the difference of air pressure between the inlet side (dirty side) and the engine side (clean side) of the air filter element. As the element becomes plugged, the difference in pressure between the two sides of the element will increase. Maximum air cleaner pressure differential is 7.5 kPa (30 in.) water. Fuel Filter Differential Pressure - Indicates the difference of fuel pressure between the inlet side (dirty side) and the outlet side (clean side) of the fuel filter elements. As the element becomes plugged, the difference in pressure between the two sides of the element will increase. Maximum fuel filter differential pressure is 105 kPa (15 psi).Fuel Filter Pop-up Indicator
Replace the fuel filter elements when the differential pressure reaches 105 kPa (15 psi) or the pop-up indicator piston is engaged (if equipped). Engine Oil Temperature - Indicates engine oil temperature. Maximum oil temperature at notch (speed) setting 8 with a full load is 110°C (230°F).The purpose of engine oil is to lubricate bearings and all internal moving parts and to cool the pistons. The oil cooler transfers heat from the oil to the engine jacket water.If the engine cooling system cannot remove the heat from the jacket water, the oil will not be properly cooled. Higher than normal oil temperature indicates a heat problem has occurred in the lubrication and/or cooling system. This can damage the cylinder heads, liners, pistons and crankshaft bearings.