425291 Volvo.Penta Suction pipe

Illustration 1 g00627416
Allowable Combinations of Unbalanced Loads
Block Loading
The block loading is the instantaneous application of an electrical load to a generator set. This load may be anywhere from a moderate percentage of the rated load up to the rated load.The block loading capability of a generator set depends on the following factors.
Engine transient response
Voltage regulator response
Type of the voltage regulator
Altitude of operation of the generator set
Type of load
The amount of load If derating is required in order to block load, refer to ISO 3046 or SAE J1349 Standards. Also, reference Engine Data Sheet, LEKX4066, "Loading Transient Response" and Engine Data Sheet, LEKX4067, "Block and Transient Response". Note: ISO stands for International Standards Organization.Power Factor
The power factor is the ratio of apparent power to total power. The power factor is expressed as a decimal. The power factor represents that portion of the current which is doing useful work. The portion of current which is not doing useful work is absorbed in maintaining the magnetic field in motors or other devices. This current is called the reactive load. This current does not require engine power to be maintained.In most applications, electric motors and transformers determine the power factor of the system. Induction motors usually have a power factor of 0.8 lagging. Incandescent lighting is a resistive load of about 1.0 power factor, or unity.The power factor of a system may be determined by a power factor meter or by calculations. Determine the power requirement in kW by multiplying the power factor by the kVA that is supplied to the system. As the power factor goes up, the total current that is supplied to a constant power demand will go down. A 100 kW load that is at 0.8 power factor will draw more current than a 100 kW load that is at 0.9 power factor. A high-power factor will result in a full engine load at less than the generator rated amperage. A lower power factor increases the possibility of overloading the generator.Note: The Caterpillar generators are rated at a power factor of 0.8 lagging unless the generator is specified otherwise. Standby Generator Sets
Most standby units are automatic. Without an operator in attendance, standby units will perform the following functions: start, pick up the load, run and stop.Standby units will not change the governor speed control or voltage level settings automatically. The governor speed and voltage level must be preset for the proper operation of that unit. Whenever the set is operated manually, ensure that the governor speed and the voltage level settings are set correctly for automatic operation. Check all switches for the proper setting. The Engine Control Switch should be in the AUTOMATIC position. Emergency Stop Switches should be in RUN position.Excitation Systems
Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Voltage Regulators" for information on excitation systems.Low Idle Adjustment
The low idle is typically 1500 rpm. On 60 Hz units, low idle will be approximately 83 percent of the full load speed. On 50 Hz units, low idle will be approximately 70 percent of full load speed.The low idle is set at the factory on generator sets with mechanical governors. The low idle should only be adjusted by your Caterpillar dealer if adjustment is required.Note: Operating the electric set at low idle speed for an extended time will cause some voltage regulators to shut off. The electric set must be completely shut down. Then, the electric set must be restarted. This will allow the voltage regulator to resume output.Generator Options
Space Heaters
The generator can be equipped with space heaters. The space heater is installed for operation in high humidity conditions. 120 V space heaters are available.