20916916 Volvo.Penta Valve guide

Metric Fasteners
Take care to avoid mixing metric and inch fasteners. Mismatched or incorrect fasteners can result in mechanical damage or malfunction, or possible personal injury. Original fasteners removed during disassembly should be saved for assembly when possible. If new ones are required, caution must be taken to replace with one that is of same part number and grade.Metric thread fasteners are identified by material strength (grade) numbers on bolt heads and nuts. Numbers on bolts will be 8.8, 10.9, etc. Numbers on nuts will be 8, 10, etc.Engine Design
Cylinder And Valve LocationBore ... 125.025 0.025 mm (4.9220 .0010 in)Stroke ... 140 mm (5.5 in)Displacement ... 10.3 liter (629 cu in)Cylinder Arrangement ... in-lineValves per Cylinder ... 4Valve Lash Setting Intake ... 0.38 mm (0.15 in)Exhaust ... 0.64 mm (.025 in)Compression Ratio ... 16 to 1, 16.25 to 1Type of Combustion ... Direct InjectionFiring Order: ... 1,5,3,6,2,4Direction of Crankshaft Rotation (when seen from flywheel end) ... counterclockwise Front end of engine is opposite the flywheel end. Left side and right side of engine are as seen from flywheel end. No. 1 cylinder is the front cylinder.General Information
The engine is an electronically controlled mechanically actuated unit injector diesel engine. The engine is an inline 6 cylinder arrangement with a bore of 125.025 mm (4.9220 in) and a stroke of 140 mm (5.5 in) giving a total displacement of 10.3 liter (629 cu in). The engine as configured is for air to air aftercooling. It is a low profile arrangement with the exhaust and inlet manifolds on the right hand side.The electronic unit injector system eliminates many of the mechanical components of a "pump-in-line" system. It also provides increased control of timing and fuel/air ratio control. Timing advance is achieved by precise control of injector timing. Engine rpm is controlled by adjusting the injection duration. A special pulse wheel provides information to the electronic control module for detection of cylinder position and engine rpm.The engine has built-in diagnostics to insure that all components are operating properly. In the event of a system component failure, the operator will be alerted to the condition via the dashboard mounted "check engine" light. A Caterpillar service tool can be used to read the numerical code of the faulty component or condition, or the cruise control switches can be used to "flash" the code on the dash mounted "check engine" light. Intermittent faults are "logged" and stored in memory.Starting The Engine
The 3176B ECM will automatically provide the correct amount of fuel to start the engine. Do Not Hold The Throttle Down while cranking the engine. At temperatures below 0°C (32°F), it may be necessary to spray starting fluid into the air cleaner inlet. If the engine fails to start in 30 seconds, release the starter switch. Allow the starter motor to cool for two minutes before using it again.
Excessive ether (starting fluid) can cause piston and ring damage. Use ether for cold weather starting purposes only.
Cold Mode Operation
The engine control system performs a cold start strategy for the correct warm up time after a cold engine start [approximately less than 17°C (63°F)]. Once activated this "cold start" strategy (known as "cold mode") will increase the idle rpm to 800 rpm, until the coolant temperature rises above 28°C (82°F), or until the engine has been running for 12 minutes. It also varies fuel injection amount and timing for maximum startup and white smoke control. The time needed for the engine to reach the normal mode of operation is usually less than the time taken for a walk-around-inspection of the vehicle.
A truck equipped with a 3176B Engine should not be moved until it is out of the cold mode. If the truck is operated while in cold mode, power will be noticeably reduced. Above 5 mph low idle will be reduced to the customer programmed low idle and power will still be reduced.
After cold mode is completed, the engine should be operated at low rpm until normal operating temperature is reached. The engine will reach normal operating temperature faster when driven at low rpm and low power demand than when idled at no load. Typically, the engine should be up to operating temperature by just driving through the yard toward the open road.Customer Specified Parameters
The engine is capable of being programmed for several customer specified parameters. It allows the owner to select horsepower ratings within a "family" to more efficiently match the vehicle to the application. This "Engine Power Rating", combined with the other available customer specified parameters, are generally programmed so the vehicle will achieve optimum fuel efficiency and operator convenience. For a complete list of the customer specified parameters see the topic: Electronic Control Module (ECM), and Personality Module. For a brief explanation of each of the customer specified parameters, see the Operation and Maintenance Manual.Glossary Of 3176B Electronic Control Terms
After Market deviceA device or accessory installed by the customer after the vehicle is delivered.Air-To-Air Aftercooler (ATAAC)A means of cooling intake air after the turbocharger, using ambient air for cooling. The intake air is passed through an aftercooler (heat exchanger) mounted in front of the radiator before going to the intake manifold.Alternating Current (AC)The type of current where the direction of current flow changes (alternates) regularly and constantly.American Wire Gauge (AWG)A measure of the diameter (and therefore the current carrying ability) of electrical wire. The smaller the AWG number, the larger the wire.Before Top Center (BTC)The 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation before the piston reaches Top Center (normal direction of rotation).Boost Pressure SensorThis sensor measures inlet manifold air pressure and sends a signal to the Electronic Control Module (ECM).Bypass CircuitA circuit, usually temporary, to substitute for an existing circuit, typically for test purposes.CalibrationAs used here for 3176B boost and timing, is an electronic adjustment of a sensor signal.Cruise Control RangeThe range within which the cruise control can operate. Usually limited to the speed range anticipated on the open road.CodeSee Diagnostic Code.Customer Specified ParametersA parameter that can be changed and whose value is set by